Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.

American Psychological Association (APA)

Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. MacKenzie, Jeong-Yeon Lee, Nathan P. Podsakoff


The theory of planned behavior

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes


G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences

Franz Faul, Edgar Erdfelder, Albert-Georg Lang, Axel Buchner


Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.


Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk


Measuring the efficiency of decision making units

European Journal of Operational Research


Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences


A Decision-Theoretic Generalization of On-Line Learning and an Application to Boosting


An Introduction to Propensity Score Methods for Reducing the Effects of Confounding in Observational Studies

Policy and Evaluation, University of Toronto


A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice


The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors


The weirdest people in the world?

Joseph Henrich, Steven J. Heine, Ara Norenzayan

Abstract: AbstractBehavioral scientists routinely publish broad claims about human psychology and behavior in the world's top journals based on samples drawn entirely from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies. Researchers – often implicitly – assume that either there is little variation across human populations, or that these “standard subjects” are as representative of the species as any other population. Are these assumptions justified? Here, our review of the comparative database from across the behavioral sciences suggests both that there is substantial variability in experimental results across populations and that WEIRD subjects are particularly unusual compared with the rest of the species – frequent outliers. The domains reviewed include visual perception, fairness, cooperation, spatial reasoning, categorization and inferential induction, moral reasoning, reasoning styles, self-concepts and related motivations, and the heritability of IQ. The findings suggest that members of WEIRD societies, including young children, are among the least representative populations one could find for generalizing about humans. Many of these findings involve domains that are associated with fundamental aspects of psychology, motivation, and behavior – hence, there are no obviousa priorigrounds for claiming that a particular behavioral phenomenon is universal based on sampling from a single subpopulation. Overall, these empirical patterns suggests that we need to be less cavalier in addressing questions ofhumannature on the basis of data drawn from this particularly thin, and rather unusual, slice of humanity. We close by proposing ways to structurally re-organize the behavioral sciences to best tackle these challenges.


Induction of decision trees


Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign


Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions

Kristopher J. Preacher, Derek D. Rucker, Andrew F. Hayes


The Behavioral Consequences of Service Quality

Valarie A. Zeithaml, Leonard L. Berry, A. Parasuraman

Partners for Service Excellence, a consulting firm specializing in strategy, measurement, and implementation of service quality.

Abstract: If service quality relates to retention of customers at the aggregate level, as other research has indicated, then evidence of its impact on customers’ behavioral responses should be detectable. The authors offer a conceptual model of the impact of service quality on particular behaviors that signal whether customers remain with or defect from a company. Results from a multicompany empirical study examining relationships from the model concerning customers’ behavioral intentions show strong evidence of their being influenced by service quality. The findings also reveal differences in the nature of the quality-intentions link across different dimensions of behavioral intentions. The authors’ discussion centers on ways the results and research approach of their study can be helpful to researchers and managers.


Revisiting the Behavioral Model and Access to Medical Care: Does it Matter?


Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment


UNet++: A Nested U-Net Architecture for Medical Image Segmentation

Zongwei Zhou, Md Mahfuzur Rahman Siddiquee, Nima Tajbakhsh, Jianming Liang


How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process


Multiple Attribute Decision Making

Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems


The Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (v1) of 93 Hierarchically Clustered Techniques: Building an International Consensus for the Reporting of Behavior Change Interventions

Susan Michie, Michelle Richardson, Marie Johnston, Charles Abraham, Jill Francis, Wendy Hardeman, Martin P. Eccles, James Cane, Caroline E. Wood


Confidence Limits for the Indirect Effect: Distribution of the Product and Resampling Methods

David P. MacKinnon, Chondra M. Lockwood, Jason Williams


Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus

Abstract: Predation has long been implicated as a major selective force in the evolution of several morphological and behavioral characteristics of animals. The importance of predation during evolutionary time is clear, but growing evidence suggests that animals also have the ability to assess and behaviorally influence their risk of being preyed upon in ecological time (i.e., during their lifetime). We develop an abstraction of the predation process in which several components of predation risk are identified. A review of the literature indicates that an animal's ability to assess and behaviorally control one or more of these components strongly influences decision making in feeding animals, as well as in animals deciding when and how to escape predators, when and how to be social, or even, for fishes, when and how to breathe air. This review also reveals that such decision making reflects apparent trade-offs between the risk of predation and the benefits to be gained from engaging in a given activity. Despite this body of evidence, several areas in the study of animal behavior have received little or no attention from a predation perspective. We identify several such areas, the most important of which is that dealing with animal reproduction. Much work also remains regarding the precise nature of the risk of predation and how it is actually perceived by animals, and the extent to which they can behaviorally control their risk of predation. Mathematical models will likely play a major role in future work, and we suggest that modelers strive to consider the potential complexity in behavioral responses to predation risk. Overall, since virtually every animal is potential prey for others, research that seriously considers the influence of predation risk will provide significant insight into the nature of animal behavior.


Outline of a New Approach to the Analysis of Complex Systems and Decision Processes

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics


Ethical Decision Making by Individuals in Organizations: An Issue-Contingent Model


Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a Research Agenda on Interventions

Abstract: ABSTRACTPrior research has provided valuable insights into how and why employees make a decision about the adoption and use of information technologies (ITs) in the workplace. From an organizational point of view, however, the more important issue is how managers make informed decisions about interventions that can lead to greater acceptance and effective utilization of IT. There is limited research in the IT implementation literature that deals with the role of interventions to aid such managerial decision making. Particularly, there is a need to understand how various interventions can influence the known determinants of IT adoption and use. To address this gap in the literature, we draw from the vast body of research on the technology acceptance model (TAM), particularly the work on the determinants of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, and: (i) develop a comprehensive nomological network (integrated model) of the determinants of individual level (IT) adoption and use; (ii) empirically test the proposed integrated model; and (iii) present a research agenda focused on potential pre‐ and postimplementation interventions that can enhance employees' adoption and use of IT. Our findings and research agenda have important implications for managerial decision making on IT implementation in organizations.


Decision-Making in a Fuzzy Environment

Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)

Abstract: By decision-making in a fuzzy environment is meant a decision process in which the goals and/or the constraints, but not necessarily the system under control, are fuzzy in nature. This means that the goals and/or the constraints constitute classes of alternatives whose boundaries are not sharply defined. An example of a fuzzy constraint is: “The cost of A should not be substantially higher than α,” where α is a specified constant. Similarly, an example of a fuzzy goal is: “x should be in the vicinity of x0 ,” where x0 is a constant. The italicized words are the sources of fuzziness in these examples. Fuzzy goals and fuzzy constraints can be defined precisely as fuzzy sets in the space of alternatives. A fuzzy decision, then, may be viewed as an intersection of the given goals and constraints. A maximizing decision is defined as a point in the space of alternatives at which the membership function of a fuzzy decision attains its maximum value. The use of these concepts is illustrated by examples involving multistage decision processes in which the system under control is either deterministic or stochastic. By using dynamic programming, the determination of a maximizing decision is reduced to the solution of a system of functional equations. A reverse-flow technique is described for the solution of a functional equation arising in connection with a decision process in which the termination time is defined implicitly by the condition that the process stops when the system under control enters a specified set of states in its state space.


You want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope

International Journal of Behavioral Medicine


Structural Model Evaluation and Modification: An Interval Estimation Approach


Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?

Abstract: AbstractAn individual has a theory of mind if he imputes mental states to himself and others. A system of inferences of this kind is properly viewed as a theory because such states are not directly observable, and the system can be used to make predictions about the behavior of others. As to the mental states the chimpanzee may infer, consider those inferred by our own species, for example, purpose or intention, as well as knowledge, belief, thinking, doubt, guessing, pretending, liking, and so forth. To determine whether or not the chimpanzee infers states of this kind, we showed an adult chimpanzee a series of videotaped scenes of a human actor struggling with a variety of problems. Some problems were simple, involving inaccessible food – bananas vertically or horizontally out of reach, behind a box, and so forth – as in the original Kohler problems; others were more complex, involving an actor unable to extricate himself from a locked cage, shivering because of a malfunctioning heater, or unable to play a phonograph because it was unplugged. With each videotape the chimpanzee was given several photographs, one a solution to the problem, such as a stick for the inaccessible bananas, a key for the locked up actor, a lit wick for the malfunctioning heater. The chimpanzee's consistent choice of the correct photographs can be understood by assuming that the animal recognized the videotape as representing a problem, understood the actor's purpose, and chose alternatives compatible with that purpose.


Perceived Behavioral Control, Self‐Efficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior1

Abstract: Conceptual and methodological ambiguities surrounding the concept of perceived behavioral control are clarified. It is shown that perceived control over performance of a behavior, though comprised of separable components that reflect beliefs about self‐efficacy and about controllability, can nevertheless be considered a unitary latent variable in a hierarchical factor model. It is further argued that there is no necessary correspondence between self‐efficacy and internal control factors, or between controllability and external control factors. Self‐efficacy and controllability can reflect internal as well as external factors and the extent to which they reflect one or the other is an empirical question. Finally, a case is made that measures of perceived behavioral control need to incorporate self‐efficacy as well as controllability items that are carefully selected to ensure high internal consistency.Summary and ConclusionsPerceived control over performance of a behavior can account for consider‐ able variance in intentions and actions. However, ambiguities surrounding the concept of perceived behavioral control have tended to create uncertainties and to impede progress. The present article attempted to clarify conceptual ambiguities and resolve issues related to the operationalization of perceived behavioral control. Recent research has demonstrated that the overarching concept of perceived behavioral control, as commonly assessed, is comprised of two components: self‐efficacy (dealing largely with the ease or difficulty of performing a behavior) and controllability (the extent to which performance is up to the actor). Contrary to a widely accepted view, it was argued that self‐efficacy expectations do not necessarily correspond to beliefs about internal control factors, and that controllability expectations have no necessary basis in the perceived operation of external factors. Instead, it was suggested that self‐efficacy and controllability may both reflect beliefs about the presence of internal as well as external factors. Rather than making a priori assumptions about the internal or external locus of self‐efficacy and controllability, this issue is best treated as an empirical question.Also of theoretical significance, the present article tried to dispel the notion that self‐efficacy and controllability are incompatible with, or independent of, each other. Although factor analyses of perceived behavioral control items provide clear and consistent evidence for the distinction, there is sufficient commonality between self‐efficacy and controllability to suggest a two‐level hierarchical model. In this model, perceived behavioral control is the overarching, superordinate construct that is comprised of two lower‐level components: self‐efficacy and controllability. This view of the control component in the theory of planned behavior implies that measures of perceived behavioral control should contain items that assess self‐efficacy as well as controllability. Depending on the purpose of the investigation, a decision can be made to aggregate over all items, treating perceived behavioral control as a unitary factor, or to distinguish between self‐efficacy and controllability by entering separate indices into the prediction equation.


Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology


The random subspace method for constructing decision forests

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence


Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.


The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back

Bruce W. Smith, Jeanne Dalen, Kathryn Wiggins, Erin Tooley, Paulette Christopher, Jennifer Bernard


Decision Curve Analysis: A Novel Method for Evaluating Prediction Models

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Urology, and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; .

Abstract: Background. Diagnostic and prognostic models are typically evaluated with measures of accuracy that do not address clinical consequences. Decision-analytic techniques allow assessment of clinical outcomes but often require collection of additional information and may be cumbersome to apply to models that yield a continuous result. The authors sought a method for evaluating and comparing prediction models that incorporates clinical consequences, requires only the data set on which the models are tested, and can be applied to models that have either continuous or dichotomous results. Method. The authors describe decision curve analysis, a simple, novel method of evaluating predictive models. They start by assuming that the threshold probability of a disease or event at which a patient would opt for treatment is informative of how the patient weighs the relative harms of a false-positive and a false-negative prediction. This theoretical relationship is then used to derive the net benefit of the model across different threshold probabilities. Plotting net benefit against threshold probability yields the “decision curve.” The authors apply the method to models for the prediction of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer patients. Decision curve analysis identified the range of threshold probabilities in which a model was of value, the magnitude of benefit, and which of several models was optimal. Conclusion. Decision curve analysis is a suitable method for evaluating alternative diagnostic and prognostic strategies that has advantages over other commonly used measures and techniques.


Social cognitive theory of self-regulation


Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process

International Journal of Services Sciences


Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer

Godfred O. Boateng, Torsten B. Neilands, Edward A. Frongillo, Hugo R. Melgar-Quiñonez, Sera L. Young


The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity

Abstract: Miller (1956) summarized evidence that people can remember about seven chunks in short-term memory (STM) tasks. However, that number was meant more as a rough estimate and a rhetorical device than as a real capacity limit. Others have since suggested that there is a more precise capacity limit, but that it is only three to five chunks. The present target article brings together a wide variety of data on capacity limits suggesting that the smaller capacity limit is real. Capacity limits will be useful in analyses of information processing only if the boundary conditions for observing them can be carefully described. Four basic conditions in which chunks can be identified and capacity limits can accordingly be observed are: (1) when information overload limits chunks to individual stimulus items, (2) when other steps are taken specifically to block the recoding of stimulus items into larger chunks, (3) in performance discontinuities caused by the capacity limit, and (4) in various indirect effects of the capacity limit. Under these conditions, rehearsal and long-term memory cannot be used to combine stimulus items into chunks of an unknown size; nor can storage mechanisms that are not capacity-limited, such as sensory memory, allow the capacity-limited storage mechanism to be refilled during recall. A single, central capacity limit averaging about four chunks is implicated along with other, noncapacity-limited sources. The pure STM capacity limit expressed in chunks is distinguished from compound STM limits obtained when the number of separately held chunks is unclear. Reasons why pure capacity estimates fall within a narrow range are discussed and a capacity limit for the focus of attention is proposed.


Markov Decision Processes

Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics


Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

Symbolics Graphics Division, Los Angeles, CA

Abstract: The aggregate motion of a flock of birds, a herd of land animals, or a school of fish is a beautiful and familiar part of the natural world. But this type of complex motion is rarely seen in computer animation. This paper explores an approach based on simulation as an alternative to scripting the paths of each bird individually. The simulated flock is an elaboration of a particle systems, with the simulated birds being the particles. The aggregate motion of the simulated flock is created by a distributed behavioral model much like that at work in a natural flock; the birds choose their own course. Each simulated bird is implemented as an independent actor that navigates according to its local perception of the dynamic environment, the laws of simulated physics that rule its motion, and a set of behaviors programmed into it by the "animator." The aggregate motion of the simulated flock is the result of the dense interaction of the relatively simple behaviors of the individual simulated birds.


The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations


The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders


Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science

Abstract: AbstractBrains, it has recently been argued, are essentially prediction machines. They are bundles of cells that support perception and action by constantly attempting to match incoming sensory inputs with top-down expectations or predictions. This is achieved using a hierarchical generative model that aims to minimize prediction error within a bidirectional cascade of cortical processing. Such accounts offer a unifying model of perception and action, illuminate the functional role of attention, and may neatly capture the special contribution of cortical processing to adaptive success. This target article critically examines this “hierarchical prediction machine” approach, concluding that it offers the best clue yet to the shape of a unified science of mind and action. Sections 1 and 2 lay out the key elements and implications of the approach. Section 3 explores a variety of pitfalls and challenges, spanning the evidential, the methodological, and the more properly conceptual. The paper ends (sections 4 and 5) by asking how such approaches might impact our more general vision of mind, experience, and agency.


Computational Tools for Probing Interactions in Multiple Linear Regression, Multilevel Modeling, and Latent Curve Analysis

American Educational Research Association (AERA)

Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics

Kristopher J. Preacher, Patrick J. Curran, Daniel J. Bauer

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Abstract: Simple slopes, regions of significance, and confidence bands are commonly used to evaluate interactions in multiple linear regression (MLR) models, and the use of these techniques has recently been extended to multilevel or hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and latent curve analysis (LCA). However, conducting these tests and plotting the conditional relations is often a tedious and error-prone task. This article provides an overview of methods used to probe interaction effects and describes a unified collection of freely available online resources that researchers can use to obtain significance tests for simple slopes, compute regions of significance, and obtain confidence bands for simple slopes across the range of the moderator in the MLR, HLM, and LCA contexts. Plotting capabilities are also provided.


Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments

J.Joseph Cronin, Michael K Brady, G.Tomas M Hult


Minds, brains, and programs

Abstract: AbstractThis article can be viewed as an attempt to explore the consequences of two propositions. (1) Intentionality in human beings (and animals) is a product of causal features of the brain. I assume this is an empirical fact about the actual causal relations between mental processes and brains. It says simply that certain brain processes are sufficient for intentionality. (2) Instantiating a computer program is never by itself a sufficient condition of intentionality. The main argument of this paper is directed at establishing this claim. The form of the argument is to show how a human agent could instantiate the program and still not have the relevant intentionality. These two propositions have the following consequences: (3) The explanation of how the brain produces intentionality cannot be that it does it by instantiating a computer program. This is a strict logical consequence of 1 and 2. (4) Any mechanism capable of producing intentionality must have causal powers equal to those of the brain. This is meant to be a trivial consequence of 1. (5) Any attempt literally to create intentionality artificially (strong AI) could not succeed just by designing programs but would have to duplicate the causal powers of the human brain. This follows from 2 and 4.“Could a machine think?” On the argument advanced here only a machine could think, and only very special kinds of machines, namely brains and machines with internal causal powers equivalent to those of brains. And that is why strong AI has little to tell us about thinking, since it is not about machines but about programs, and no program by itself is sufficient for thinking.


Toward a Behavioral Theory of Charismatic Leadership in Organizational Settings


Natural and artificial sources of genetic variation used in crop breeding: A baseline comparator for genome editing

Jorge Martínez-Fortún, Dylan W. Phillips, Huw D. Jones

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Abstract: Traditional breeding has successfully selected beneficial traits for food, feed, and fibre crops over the last several thousand years. The last century has seen significant technological advancements particularly in marker assisted selection and the generation of induced genetic variation, including over the last few decades, through mutation breeding, genetic modification, and genome editing. While regulatory frameworks for traditional varietal development and for genetic modification with transgenes are broadly established, those for genome editing are lacking or are still evolving in many regions. In particular, the lack of “foreign” recombinant DNA in genome edited plants and that the resulting SNPs or INDELs are indistinguishable from those seen in traditional breeding has challenged development of new legislation. Where products of genome editing and other novel breeding technologies possess no transgenes and could have been generated via traditional methods, we argue that it is logical and proportionate to apply equivalent legislative oversight that already exists for traditional breeding and novel foods. This review analyses the types and the scale of spontaneous and induced genetic variation that can be selected during traditional plant breeding activities. It provides a base line from which to judge whether genetic changes brought about by techniques of genome editing or other reverse genetic methods are indeed comparable to those routinely found using traditional methods of plant breeding.


CRISPR gene editing to improve crop resistance to parasitic plants

Min-Yao Jhu, Evan E. Ellison, Neelima R. Sinha

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, National Science Foundation, California Tomato Research Institute

Abstract: Parasitic plants pose a significant threat to global agriculture, causing substantial crop losses and hampering food security. In recent years, CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) gene-editing technology has emerged as a promising tool for developing resistance against various plant pathogens. Its application in combating parasitic plants, however, remains largely unexplored. This review aims to summarise current knowledge and research gaps in utilising CRISPR to develop resistance against parasitic plants. First, we outline recent improvements in CRISPR gene editing tools, and what has been used to combat various plant pathogens. To realise the immense potential of CRISPR, a greater understanding of the genetic basis underlying parasitic plant-host interactions is critical to identify suitable target genes for modification. Therefore, we discuss the intricate interactions between parasitic plants and their hosts, highlighting essential genes and molecular mechanisms involved in defence response and multilayer resistance. These include host resistance responses directly repressing parasitic plant germination or growth and indirectly influencing parasitic plant development via manipulating environmental factors. Finally, we evaluate CRISPR-mediated effectiveness and long-term implications for host resistance and crop improvement, including inducible resistance response and tissue-specific activity. In conclusion, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities CRISPR technology provides to combat parasitic plants and provides insights for future research directions to safeguard global agricultural productivity.


A short, idiosyncratic history of genome editing


Applications and potential of genome editing in crop improvement

Yi Zhang, Karen Massel, Ian D. Godwin, Caixia Gao

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province


GEM: Genome Editing Meta-database, a dataset of genome editing related metadata systematically extracted from PubMed literatures

Research Organization of Information and Systems, Japan Science and Technology Agency


Wheat genome editing expedited by efficient transformation techniques: Progress and perspectives

Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality


TALE and TALEN genome editing technologies

BMBF Berlin, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung


Facilitating genome function understanding using genome editing dependent bioimaging techniques

Government of Japan Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology, JST


Assignment of responsibility for creating persons using germline genome-editing

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


The evolving landscape around genome editing in agriculture

Sarah M Schmidt, Melinda Belisle, Wolf B Frommer

Alexander von Humboldt Professorship, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation


Genome editing of therapeutic T cells

Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, Wellcome Trust, Blood Cancer UK


Genome editing and bioinformatics

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Science and Technology Agency


Understanding RNA editing and its use in gene editing

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JST


Genome editing research initiatives and regulatory landscape of genome edited crops in India

Neha Sharma, Kanika Thakur, Rasna Zinta, Vikas Mangal, Dalamu, Jagesh Kumar Tiwari, Salej Sood, Som Dutt, Vinod Kumar, Brajesh Singh, Ajay Kumar Thakur

Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research


Genome editing in chickens

Kennosuke Ichikawa, Mei Matsuzaki, Ryo Ezaki, Hiroyuki Horiuchi

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JST COI, Kieikai Research Foundation


CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Multi-Stress Resilience and Prospects for Agricultural Sustainability

Abdul Malik, Nur Ardiyana Rejab, Muhamad Afiq Aziz


Genome editing technology and application in soybean improvement

Aili Bao, Chanjuan Zhang, Yi Huang, Haifeng Chen, Xinan Zhou, Dong Cao

National Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects


Genome editing for biodiesel production in oleaginous microalga, Nannochloropsis species

Tomokazu Kurita, Masako Iwai, Hiroyuki Ohta, Tetsushi Sakuma, Takashi Yamamoto

Co-creation place formation support program, JST


Base editors: Expanding the types of DNA damage products harnessed for genome editing

Sifeng Gu, Zsolt Bodai, Quinn T. Cowan, Alexis C. Komor

National Institute of General Medical Sciences


Advanced genome editing strategies for manipulation of plant specialized metabolites pertaining to biofortification

Sweta Bhambhani, Kirtikumar R. Kondhare, Ashok P. Giri

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, Department of Science and Technology (DST) - Inspire Faculty program


CRISPR-based genome editing technology and its applications in oil crops

Jianjie He, Kai Zhang, Mi Tang, Weixian Zhou, Liurong Chen, Zhaobo Chen, Maoteng Li

National Natural Science Foundation of China


Advancements in genome editing tools and technologies for improvement of horticultural crops

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Kasireddy Sivasanakarreddy, Vikramaditya Pandey, Sudhakar Pandey, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Basavaprabhu L. Patil

Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research


Multiplex genome editing targeting soybean with ultra-low anti-nutritive oligosaccharides

Wenxin Lin, Huaqin Kuang, Mengyan Bai, Xiaomeng Jiang, Pengfei Zhou, Yinghua Li, Bo Chen, Huarong Li, Yuefeng Guan

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University


Potential of Genome Editing to Capture Diversity From Australian Wild Rice Relatives

Muhammad Abdullah, Pauline Okemo, Agnelo Furtado, Robert Henry

Abstract: Rice, a staple food worldwide and a model crop, could benefit from the introduction of novel genetics from wild relatives. Wild rice in the AA genome group closely related to domesticated rice is found across the tropical world. Due to their locality outside the range of domesticated rice, Australian wild rice populations are a potential source of unique traits for rice breeding. These rice species provide a diverse gene pool for improvement that could be utilized for desirable traits such as stress resistance, disease tolerance, and nutritional qualities. However, they remain poorly characterized. The CRISPR/Cas system has revolutionized gene editing and has improved our understanding of gene functions. Coupled with the increasing availability of genomic information on the species, genes in Australian wild rice could be modified through genome editing technologies to produce new domesticates. Alternatively, beneficial alleles from these rice species could be incorporated into cultivated rice to improve critical traits. Here, we summarize the beneficial traits in Australian wild rice, the available genomic information and the potential of gene editing to discover and understand the functions of novel alleles. Moreover, we discuss the potential domestication of these wild rice species for health and economic benefits to rice production globally.


β-Hemoglobinopathies: The Test Bench for Genome Editing-Based Therapeutic Strategies

Gloria Barbarani, Agata Łabedz, Antonella Ellena Ronchi

Abstract: Hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein composed of two α and two β chains, each containing a heme group that reversibly binds oxygen. The composition of hemoglobin changes during development in order to fulfill the need of the growing organism, stably maintaining a balanced production of α-like and β-like chains in a 1:1 ratio. Adult hemoglobin (HbA) is composed of two α and two β subunits (α2β2 tetramer), whereas fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is composed of two γ and two α subunits (α2γ2 tetramer). Qualitative or quantitative defects in β-globin production cause two of the most common monogenic-inherited disorders: β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. The high frequency of these diseases and the relative accessibility of hematopoietic stem cells make them an ideal candidate for therapeutic interventions based on genome editing. These strategies move in two directions: the correction of the disease-causing mutation and the reactivation of the expression of HbF in adult cells, in the attempt to recreate the effect of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) natural mutations, which mitigate the severity of β-hemoglobinopathies. Both lines of research rely on the knowledge gained so far on the regulatory mechanisms controlling the differential expression of globin genes during development.


From nuclease-based gene knock-in to prime editing – promising technologies of precision gene engineering


Genetic transformation and genome editing in wild soybean (Glycine soja)

Li Chen, Meng Tang, Weiwei Yao, Wensheng Hou, Yupeng Cai

National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Science and Technology Major Project


CRISPR/Cas9: A powerful tool for crop genome editing

Gaoyuan Song, Meiling Jia, Kai Chen, Xingchen Kong, Bushra Khattak, Chuanxiao Xie, Aili Li, Long Mao

Ministry of Agriculture of China, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program


Risk assessment in gene therapy and somatic genome-editing: An expert interview study

Merlin Bittlinger, Dirk Hoffmann, Anna Karolina Sierawska, Marcel Mertz, Axel Schambach, Daniel Strech

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Berlin, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover


Genome editing in macroalgae: advances and challenges

Jonas De Saeger, Emma Coulembier Vandelannoote, Hojun Lee, Jihae Park, Jonas Blomme

Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, National Research Foundation of Korea

Abstract: This minireview examines the current state and challenges of genome editing in macroalgae. Despite the ecological and economic significance of this group of organisms, genome editing has seen limited applications. While CRISPR functionality has been established in two brown (Ectocarpus species 7 and Saccharina japonica) and one green seaweed (Ulva prolifera), these studies are limited to proof-of-concept demonstrations. All studies also (co)-targeted ADENINE PHOSPHORIBOSYL TRANSFERASE to enrich for mutants, due to the relatively low editing efficiencies. To advance the field, there should be a focus on advancing auxiliary technologies, particularly stable transformation, so that novel editing reagents can be screened for their efficiency. More work is also needed on understanding DNA repair in these organisms, as this is tightly linked with the editing outcomes. Developing efficient genome editing tools for macroalgae will unlock the ability to characterize their genes, which is largely uncharted terrain. Moreover, given their economic importance, genome editing will also impact breeding campaigns to develop strains that have better yields, produce more commercially valuable compounds, and show improved resilience to the impacts of global change.


Genome editing technology and applications with the type I CRISPR system

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


The methylation inhibitor 3DZNep promotes HDR pathway choice during CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing

Nadja Bischoff, Sandra Wimberger, Ralf Kühn, Anne Laugesen, Volkan Turan, Brian Daniel Larsen, Claus Storgaard Sørensen, Kristian Helin, Eric Paul Bennett, Marcello Maresca, Cord Brakebusch


Gene Editing and Genotoxicity: Targeting the Off-Targets

Georges Blattner, Alessia Cavazza, Adrian J. Thrasher, Giandomenico Turchiano

Abstract: Gene editing technologies show great promise for application to human disease as a result of rapid developments in targeting tools notably based on ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR-Cas systems. Precise modification of a DNA sequence is now possible in mature human somatic cells including stem and progenitor cells with increasing degrees of efficiency. At the same time new technologies are required to evaluate their safety and genotoxicity before widespread clinical application can be confidently implemented. A number of methodologies have now been developed in an attempt to predict expected and unexpected modifications occurring during gene editing. This review surveys the techniques currently available as state of the art, highlighting benefits and limitations, and discusses approaches that may achieve sufficient accuracy and predictability for application in clinical settings.


CRISPR-Cas systems in diagnostics: A comprehensive assessment of Cas effectors and biosensors


Promoter/enhancer replacement by genome editing for crop improvement

Takashi Nobusawa, Hiroshi Yamatani, Makoto Kusaba

Kato Foundation for Promotion of Science, Naito Foundation


Turnip mosaic virus-based gRNA delivery system for plant genome editing

Ekkachai Khwanbua, Ryan R. Lappe, Austin A. Bierl, Steven A. Whitham

Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA

Iowa State University Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University Crop Bioengineering Center

Abstract: Abstract Plant virus-based gRNA delivery systems offer a rapid alternative to stable transformation for CRISPR-mediated genome editing, but potyvirus-based platforms in Cas9-expressing plants are still underexplored. Here, we developed a turnip mosaic virus (TuMV)-based system for gRNA delivery in Cas9-expressing Nicotiana benthamiana and tested whether Csy4-mediated gRNA processing could improve editing efficiency. A TuMV construct carrying a gRNA targeting PHYTOENE DESATURASE ( NbPDS ) induced detectable editing in both infiltrated and systemic tissues, although editing frequencies were low. Incorporation of the bacterial endoribonuclease Csy4 increased editing efficiencies in the two NbPDS genes, raising editing in infiltrated leaves to 7.1–13.8% for NbPDSa and 7.6–23.0% for NbPDSb , while lower but reproducible editing was detectable in systemic leaves. The TuMV-Csy4 platform also supported editing of a second endogenous target, MAGNESIUM CHELATASE SUBUNIT H ( NbChlH ), and enabled multiplex editing of NbPDS and NbChlH regardless of guide order. Editing efficiencies were consistently higher in infiltrated leaves than in systemic leaves, and no visible photobleaching or chlorosis was observed in systemic tissues despite confirmed molecular editing. To assess the potential for heritable editing, a tRNA Ile mobility element was fused to the NbPDS gRNA. Although this construct increased somatic editing, no albino progeny were recovered after screening approximately 20,000 seedlings, indicating that heritable editing was not achieved under these conditions. Together, these results establish TuMV as a platform for Cas9-based gRNA delivery and show that Csy4-mediated processing improves editing efficiency, supports multiplex targeting, and demonstrates the feasibility of potyvirus-based genome editing systems in plants.


Advancing organelle genome transformation and editing for crop improvement

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province


Genome Editing in Crop Plant Research—Alignment of Expectations and Current Developments

Meike Hüdig, Natalie Laibach, Anke-Christiane Hein

Molecular Plant Physiology Division, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany

Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety

Abstract: The rapid development of genome editing and other new genomic techniques (NGT) has evoked manifold expectations on purposes of the application of these techniques to crop plants. In this study, we identify and align these expectations with current scientific development. We apply a semi-quantitative text analysis approach on political, economic, and scientific opinion papers to disentangle and extract expectations towards the application of NGT-based plants. Using the sustainable development goals (SDG) of the 2030 agenda as categories, we identify contributions to food security or adaptation to climatic changes as the most frequently mentioned expectations, accompanied by the notion of sustainable agriculture and food systems. We then link SDG with relevant plant traits and review existing research and commercial field trials for genome-edited crop plants. For a detailed analysis we pick as representative traits drought tolerance and resistance against fungal pathogens. Diverse genetic setscrews for both traits have been identified, modified, and tested under laboratory conditions, although there are only a few in the field. All in all, NGT-plants that can withstand more than one stressor or different environments are not documented in advanced development states. We further conclude that developing new plants with modified traits will not be sufficient to reach food security or adaption to climatic changes in a short time frame. Further scientific development of sustainable agricultural systems will need to play an important role to tackle SDG challenges, as well.


Moving from in vitro to in vivo CRISPR screens

Maria Kuhn, António J. Santinha, Randall J. Platt


Genome editing in rice mediated by miniature size Cas nuclease SpCas12f

Satoru Sukegawa, Osamu Nureki, Seiichi Toki, Hiroaki Saika

Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Abstract: Cas9 derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) is used widely in genome editing using the CRISPR-Cas system due to its high activity, but is a relatively large molecule (1,368 amino acid (a.a.) residues). Recently, targeted mutagenesis in human cells and maize using Cas12f derived from Syntrophomonas palmitatica (SpCas12f)—a very small Cas of 497 a.a, which is a more suitable size for virus vectors—was reported. However, there are no reports of genome editing using SpCas12f in crops other than maize. In this study, we applied SpCas12f to genome editing in rice—one of the most important staple crops in the world. An expression vector encoding rice codon-optimized SpCas12f and sgRNA for OsTubulin as a target was introduced into rice calli by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Molecular analysis of SpCas12f-transformed calli showed that mutations were introduced successfully into the target region. Detailed analysis by amplicon sequencing revealed estimated mutation frequencies (a ratio of the number of mutated calli to that of SpCas12f-transformed calli) of 28.8% and 55.6% in two targets. Most mutation patterns were deletions, but base substitutions and insertions were also confirmed at low frequency. Moreover, off-target mutations by SpCas12f were not found. Furthermore, mutant plants were regenerated successfully from the mutated calli. It was confirmed that the mutations in the regenerated plants were inherited to the next-generation. In the previous report in maize, mutations were introduced by treatment with heat shock at 45°C for 4 h per day for 3 days; no mutations were introduced under normal growth conditions at 28°C. Surprisingly, however, mutations can be introduced without heat-shock treatment in rice. This might be due to the culture conditions, with relatively higher temperature (30°C or higher) and constant light during callus proliferation. Taken together, we demonstrated that SpCas12f can be used to achieve targeted mutagenesis in rice. SpCas12f is thus a useful tool for genome editing in rice and is suitable for virus vector-mediated genome editing due to its very small size.


CRISPR-mediated genome editing of wheat for enhancing disease resistance

Joshua Waites, V. Mohan Murali Achary, Easter D. Syombua, Sarah J. Hearne, Anindya Bandyopadhyay

Abstract: Wheat is cultivated across diverse global environments, and its productivity is significantly impacted by various biotic stresses, most importantly but not limited to rust diseases, Fusarium head blight, wheat blast, and powdery mildew. The genetic diversity of modern cultivars has been eroded by domestication and selection, increasing their vulnerability to biotic stress due to uniformity. The rapid spread of new highly virulent and aggressive pathogen strains has exacerbated this situation. Three strategies can be used for enhancing disease resistance through genome editing: introducing resistance (R) gene-mediated resistance, engineering nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), and manipulating susceptibility (S) genes to stop pathogens from exploiting these factors to support infection. Utilizing R gene-mediated resistance is the most common strategy for traditional breeding approaches, but the continuous evolution of pathogen effectors can eventually overcome this resistance. Moreover, modifying S genes can confer pleiotropic effects that hinder their use in agriculture. Enhancing disease resistance is paramount for sustainable wheat production and food security, and new tools and strategies are of great importance to the research community. The application of CRISPR-based genome editing provides promise to improve disease resistance, allowing access to a broader range of solutions beyond random mutagenesis or intraspecific variation, unlocking new ways to improve crops, and speeding up resistance breeding. Here, we first summarize the major disease resistance strategies in the context of important wheat diseases and their limitations. Next, we turn our attention to the powerful applications of genome editing technology in creating new wheat varieties against important wheat diseases.


Epigenome editing in mice: The dawn of the reverse epigenetics era

Izuho Hatada, Sumiyo Morita, Takuro Horii

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development


In search of an ideal template for therapeutic genome editing: A review of current developments for structure optimization

Alena Shakirova, Timofey Karpov, Yaroslava Komarova, Kirill Lepik

Abstract: Gene therapy is a fast developing field of medicine with hundreds of ongoing early-stage clinical trials and numerous preclinical studies. Genome editing (GE) now is an increasingly important technology for achieving stable therapeutic effect in gene correction, with hematopoietic cells representing a key target cell population for developing novel treatments for a number of hereditary diseases, infections and cancer. By introducing a double strand break (DSB) in the defined locus of genomic DNA, GE tools allow to knockout the desired gene or to knock-in the therapeutic gene if provided with an appropriate repair template. Currently, the efficiency of methods for GE-mediated knock-in is limited. Significant efforts were focused on improving the parameters and interaction of GE nuclease proteins. However, emerging data suggests that optimal characteristics of repair templates may play an important role in the knock-in mechanisms. While viral vectors with notable example of AAVs as a donor template carrier remain the mainstay in many preclinical trials, non-viral templates, including plasmid and linear dsDNA, long ssDNA templates, single and double-stranded ODNs, represent a promising alternative. Furthermore, tuning of editing conditions for the chosen template as well as its structure, length, sequence optimization, homology arm (HA) modifications may have paramount importance for achieving highly efficient knock-in with favorable safety profile. This review outlines the current developments in optimization of templates for the GE mediated therapeutic gene correction.


See the color, see the seed: GmW1 as a visual reporter for transgene and genome editing in soybean

Li Chen, Shan Yuan, Yupeng Cai, Weiwei Yao, Qiang Su, Yingying Chen, Jialing Zhang, Wensheng Hou

The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program


CRISP-PTG-Assembler Ver. 1.0: a primer design tool for polycistronic tRNA-gRNA (PTG) assembly for Cas9-based multiplex genome editing in plants

Soham Ray, Joshitha Vijayan, S. Vanchinathan, Rajkumar Dhakar, Nazima Nasrullah, Shivani Nagar, Tushar Kanti Dutta, Viswanthan Chinnusamy

Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), GoI, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research


Establishment of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Witloof (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum)

Charlotte De Bruyn, Tom Ruttink, Tom Eeckhaut, Thomas Jacobs, Ellen De Keyser, Alain Goossens, Katrijn Van Laere

Abstract: Cichorium intybus var. foliosum (witloof) is an economically important crop with a high nutritional value thanks to many specialized metabolites, such as polyphenols and terpenoids. However, witloof plants are rich in sesquiterpene lactones (SL) which are important for plant defense but also impart a bitter taste, thus limiting industrial applications. Inactivating specific genes in the SL biosynthesis pathway could lead to changes in the SL metabolite content and result in altered bitterness. In this study, a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing workflow was implemented for witloof, starting with polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediated protoplast transfection for CRISPR/Cas9 vector delivery, followed by whole plant regeneration and mutation analysis. Protoplast transfection efficiencies ranged from 20 to 26 %. A CRISPR/Cas9 vector targeting the first exon of the phytoene desaturase (CiPDS) gene was transfected into witloof protoplasts and resulted in the knockout of CiPDS, giving rise to an albino phenotype in 23% of the regenerated plants. Further implementing our protocol, the SL biosynthesis pathway genes germacrene A synthase (GAS), germacrene A oxidase (GAO), and costunolide synthase (COS) were targeted in independent experiments. Highly multiplex (HiPlex) amplicon sequencing of the genomic target loci revealed plant mutation frequencies of 27.3, 42.7, and 98.3% in regenerated plants transfected with a CRISPR/Cas9 vector targeting CiGAS, CiGAO, and CiCOS, respectively. We observed different mutation spectra across the loci, ranging from consistently the same +1 nucleotide insertion in CiCOS across independent mutated lines, to a complex set of 20 mutation types in CiGAO across independent mutated lines. These results demonstrate a straightforward workflow for genome editing based on transfection and regeneration of witloof protoplasts and subsequent HiPlex amplicon sequencing. Our CRISPR/Cas9 workflow can enable gene functional research and faster incorporation of novel traits in elite witloof lines in the future, thus facilitating the development of novel industrial applications for witloof.


On the edge of deletion: Using natural and engineered microhomology to edit the human genome

Gabriel Martínez-Gálvez, Suji Lee, Ryo Niwa, Knut Woltjen

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development


Cytosine base editors optimized for genome editing in potato protoplasts

Ida Westberg, Frida Meijer Carlsen, Ida Elisabeth Johansen, Bent Larsen Petersen

Novo Nordisk Fonden, Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond, Grønt Udviklings-og Demonstrations Program

Abstract: In this study, we generated and compared three cytidine base editors (CBEs) tailor-made for potato (Solanum tuberosum), which conferred up to 43% C-to-T conversion of all alleles in the protoplast pool. Earlier, gene-edited potato plants were successfully generated by polyethylene glycol-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 transformation of protoplasts followed by explant regeneration. In one study, a 3–4-fold increase in editing efficiency was obtained by replacing the standard Arabidopsis thaliana AtU6-1 promotor with endogenous potato StU6 promotors driving the expression of the gRNA. Here, we used this optimized construct (SpCas9/StU6-1::gRNA1, target gRNA sequence GGTC4C5TTGGAGC12AAAAC17TGG) for the generation of CBEs tailor-made for potato and tested for C-to-T base editing in the granule-bound starch synthase 1 gene in the cultivar Desiree. First, the Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 was converted into a (D10A) nickase (nCas9). Next, one of three cytosine deaminases from human hAPOBEC3A (A3A), rat (evo_rAPOBEC1) (rA1), or sea lamprey (evo_PmCDA1) (CDA1) was C-terminally fused to nCas9 and a uracil-DNA glycosylase inhibitor, with each module interspaced with flexible linkers. The CBEs were overall highly efficient, with A3A having the best overall base editing activity, with an average 34.5%, 34.5%, and 27% C-to-T conversion at C4, C5, and C12, respectively, whereas CDA1 showed an average base editing activity of 34.5%, 34%, and 14.25% C-to-T conversion at C4, C5, and C12, respectively. rA1 exhibited an average base editing activity of 18.75% and 19% at C4 and C5 and was the only base editor to show no C-to-T conversion at C12.


Editing inducer elements increases A-to-I editing efficiency in the mammalian transcriptome

Chammiran Daniel, Albin Widmark, Ditte Rigardt, Marie Öhman


1.3. Monetary policy, inflation and exchange rate

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development  (OECD)


Monetary policy and households macroeconomic expectations

Timo Wochner, Niklas Potrafke, Klaus Gründler, Michael Lamla


Survey on understanding and expectations of monetary policy


1.13. Inflation and monetary policy target range


Monetary-Policy Rules and the Great Inflation

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 20th and C Streets, N.W., Washington, DC 20551.


The ECB's 2021 Monetary Policy Reform in the Eyes of the German Population


1.7. Inflation, exchange rate and monetary policy, 1999-2009


1.6. Inflation, monetary policy and exchange rates, 2000‑08


Revisiting the Monetary Policy Response to the 2021-2022 Inflation Surge: Households' Assessment and Inflation Expectations


Monetary Policy Lessons of Recent Inflation and Disinflation

Professor of Economics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.

Abstract: I will consider the monetary policy lessons of the recent inflation and disinflation. The next section of this paper is devoted to the decline of M1 velocity after 1981 and the demise of the “standard” money demand function. Some authors conclude that this evidence leaves us so uncertain about the nature of money demand that policymakers cannot rely at all on any presumed money demand regularities. In contrast, my working hypothesis is that the money demand continues to be a stable function of relatively few variables, but that the interest elasticity of money demand is substantially higher than previously thought. Events have not been kind to Keynesian monetary policy positions either. Keynesians tend to concentrate on interest rates -- especially real interest rates -- as the best guide to the effects of monetary policy on the economy. The real rate is discussed in the third section of the paper. The fourth section is devoted to an analysis of the importance of market expectations about monetary policy, with a particular focus on how market expectations were influenced by the Federal Reserve's introduction of new monetary control procedures in October 1979. The fifth section of the paper contains an evaluation of the contribution of monetary policy to the disinflation of the 1980s. In the sixth and final section, I conclude with some comments on the implications of the previous sections for the debate on monetary rules.


Inflation Literacy, Inflation Expectations, and Trust in the Central Bank: A Survey Experiment


2.7. Inflation, exchange rate and monetary policy responses: An event analysis


Inflation and monetary policy: Israel


Inflation and monetary policy: India


Monetary policy and macroeconomic expectations

Niklas Potrafke, Klaus Gründler, Michael Lamla, Timo Wochner


Taxation, Inflation, and Monetary Policy


Growth, inflation and monetary policy: Israel


Monetary Policy, Trend Inflation, and the Great Moderation: An Alternative Interpretation

Department of Economics, College of William and Mary, 115 Morton Hall, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795.

Abstract: With positive trend inflation, the Taylor principle does not guarantee a determinate equilibrium. We provide new theoretical results on determinacy in New Keynesian models with positive trend inflation and new empirical findings on the Federal Reserve's reaction function before and after the Volcker disinflation to find that, (i) while the Fed likely satisfied the Taylor principle before Volcker, the US economy was still subject to self-fulfilling fluctuations in the 1970s, (ii) the US economy switched to determinacy during the Volcker disinflation, and (iii) the switch reflected changes in the Fed's response to macroeconomic variables and the decline in trend inflation. (JEL E12, E23, E31, E32, E52)


Figure 8. Inflation and monetary policy


Figure 7. Inflation and monetary policy


Figure 9. Inflation and monetary policy


Replication of RCT ID AEARCTR-0008592: The ECB's 2021 Monetary Policy Reform in the Eyes of the German Population


Inflation Targeting: A New Framework for Monetary Policy?

Class of 1926 Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, and Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Abstract: In recent years, a number of industrialized countries have adopted a strategy for monetary policy known as ‘inflation targeting.’ The authors describe how this approach has been implemented in practice and argue that it is best understood as a broad framework for policy, which allows the central bank ‘constrained discretion,’ rather than as an ironclad policy rule in the Friedman sense. They discuss the potential of the inflation-targeting approach for making monetary policy more coherent and transparent and for increasing monetary policy discipline. The authors' final section addresses some additional practical issues raised by this approach.


Inflation, Capital Taxation, and Monetary Policy


Asset Price Inflation and Monetary Policy


Political Pressures on Monetary Policy During the US Great Inflation

American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics

Department of Economics, Gettysburg College, 300 N. Washington St., Gettysburg PA 17325.

Abstract: Drawing on an analysis of Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) documents, this paper argues that political pressures on the Federal Reserve were an important contributor to the rise in inflation in the United States in the 1970s. Members of the FOMC understood that a serious attempt to tackle inflation would generate opposition from Congress and the executive branch. Political considerations contributed to delays in monetary tightening, insufficiently aggressive anti-inflation policies, and the premature abandonment of attempts at disinflation. Empirical analysis verifies that references to the political environment at FOMC meetings are correlated with the stance of monetary policy during this period. (JEL D72, E32, E52, E58, N12)


Sticky Inflation: Monetary Policy when Debt Drags Inflation Expectations

Saki Bigio, Nicolas Caramp, Dejanir Silva


Figure 12. Monetary policy and inflation expectations


Economic growth, inflation and monetary policy: Israel


Reset Price Inflation and the Impact of Monetary Policy Shocks

Mark Bils, Peter J Klenow, Benjamin A Malin

Department of Economics, Harkness Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627.

Abstract: Many business cycle models use a flat short-run Phillips curve, due to time-dependent pricing and strategic complementarities, to explain fluctuations in real output. But, in doing so, these models predict unrealistically high persistence and stability of US inflation in recent decades. We calculate “reset price inflation”—based on new prices chosen by the subsample of price changers—to dissect this discrepancy. We find that the models generate too much persistence and stability both in reset price inflation and in the way reset price inflation is converted into actual inflation. Our findings present a challenge to existing explanations for business cycles. (JEL E31, E52)


Figure 10. Monetary policy and inflation developments


Inflation Forecasts and Monetary Policy


Monetary Policy Lessons of recent Inflation and Disinflation


How Inflation Expectations Inform Spending


Inflation Targeting as a Monetary Policy Rule


Understanding Inflation: Implications for Monetary Policy


Inflation Expectations in Senegal

Gizem Kosar, Abdoulaye Ndiaye, Anushka Mitra, Ahmadou A. Mbaye


Inflation Expectations in Senegal


Migrating Applications to Post-Quantum Cryptography: Beyond Algorithm Replacement

SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications

Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Security and Cryptography

Graduate Program in Computer Science – Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil, --- Select a Country ---


Implementing Post-quantum Cryptography for Developers

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy

Julius Hekkala, Kimmo Halunen, Visa Vallivaara

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, Oulu, Finland, --- Select a Country ---


The problem of quantum computers in cryptography and post-quantum cryptography

StuCoSReC. Proceedings of the 2018 5th Student Computer Science Research Conference.


Quantum-Resilient IoT: Integrating Hardware-Based Post-Quantum Cryptography for Robust Device Security

Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy

Stephan Spitz, Alexander Lawall, Michal Andrzejczak

IU International University of Applied Science, Juri-Gagarin-Ring 152, 99084 Erfurt, Germany


A Capability-Driven Framework for Prioritizing Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration in Enterprise Architectures

Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Security and Cryptography

Francis Naa, Nora Boulahia-Cuppens, Frederic Cuppens

Dept. Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Canada


HIGH-MEMORY MASKED CONVOLUTIONAL CODES FOR POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY

Academy & Industry Research Collaboration

Cryptography and Information Security Trends 2025

Abstract: This paper presents a novel post-quantum cryptosystem based on high-memory masked convolutional codes. Unlike conventional code-based schemes that rely on block codes with fixed dimensions and limited error-correction capability, our construction offers both stronger cryptographic security and greater flexibility. It supports arbitrary plaintext lengths with linear-time decryption and uniform per-bit computational cost, enabling seamless scalability to long messages. Security is reinforced through a higher-rate injection of random errors than in block-code approaches, along with additional noise introduced via polynomial division, which substantially obfuscates the underlying code structure. Semi-invertible transformations generate dense, random-like generator matrices that conceal algebraic properties and resist known structural attacks. Consequently, the scheme achieves cryptanalytic security margins exceeding those of the classic McEliece system by factors greater than 2 100. Finally, decryption at the recipient employs an array of parallel Viterbi decoders, enabling efficient hardware and software implementation and positioning the scheme as a strong candidate for deployment in practical quantum-resistant public-key cryptosystems.


Advancing Post-Quantum Cryptography: NIST's Standardization Efforts

Proceedings of the 2025 1st ACM CCS Workshop on Quantum-Resistant Cryptography and Security

National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA


Paradigm of Post-quantum Cryptography and Crypto-agility: Strategy Approach of Quantum-safe Techniques

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems

Olaf Grote, Andreas Ahrens, César Benavente-Peces

ETS de Ingeniería y Sistemas de Telecomunicación, University Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Sur, Ctra. Valencia, 28031 Madrid and Spain, --- Select a Country ---


Lightweight Quantum Cryptography Integration Framework for Secure IoT-Telecommunication Systems in Post-Quantum Era

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Research and Development in Information, Communication, and Computing Technologies

K. Ajmath, L. Kalaiselvi, Jenifer M., R. Meenakshi, Tandra Nagarjuna, Syed Rashid

Department of Computer Science, Samarkand International University of Technology, Uzbekistan


Post Quantum Cryptography Analysis of TLS Tunneling on a Constrained Device

Jon Barton, William Buchanan, Nikolaos Pitropakis, Sarwar Sayeed, Will Abramson

Blockpass ID Lab, School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K., --- Select a Country ---


Synergizing Quantum Cryptography and Post-Quantum Cryptography: A New Era of Ultra-Secure Data Transmission

2025 International Conference on Data Science, Agents &amp; Artificial Intelligence (ICDSAAI)

A.R Kavitha, Balachandhar R, Harikrishna K

Anna University,Chennai Institute of Technology,Dept of Information Technology,Chennai,India,600069


Current and Future Panorama of Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography

2024 IEEE Biennial Congress of Argentina (ARGENCON)

Universidad Nacional de San Luis,San Luis,Argentina


Lightweight Public Key Encryption in Post-Quantum Computing Era

Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center

Abstract: Confidentiality in our digital world is based on the security of cryptographic algorithms. These are usually executed transparently in the background, with people often relying on them without further knowledge. In the course of technological progress with quantum computers, the protective function of common encryption algorithms is threatened. This particularly affects public-key methods such as RSA and DH based on discrete logarithms and prime factorization. Our concept describes the transformation of a classical asymmetric encryption method to a modern complexity class. Thereby the approach of CramerShoup is put on the new basis of elliptic curves. The system is provable cryptographically strong, especially against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks. In addition, the new method features small key lengths, making it suitable for Internet-of-Things. It represents an intermediate step towards an encryption scheme based on isogeny elliptic curves. This approach shows a way to a secure encryption scheme for the post-quantum computing era.


Safe-Error Analysis of Post-Quantum Cryptography Mechanisms - Short Paper-

2021 Workshop on Fault Detection and Tolerance in Cryptography (FDTC)

Luk Bettale, Simon Montoya, Guenael Renault


Post-Quantum Crystography: A combination of Post-Quantum Cryptography and Steganography

2013 IEEE Third International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST)

A.J Gabriel, B.K. Alese, A.O. Adetunmbi, O.S. Adewale


Enhancing Post-Quantum Cryptography with Adversarial Neural Cryptography

2024 11th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)

Basil Hanafi, Mohammad Ubaidullah Bokhari, Imran Khan

Aligarh Muslim University,Department of Computer Science,Aligarh,India


8th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST-2013)


POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY: CHALLENGES, LIMITATIONS, AND MIGRATION STRATEGIES

2nd International Conference on Cybersecurity and Digital Defense (ICyDD)


Post-Quantum Cryptography: An Introductory Overview and Implementation Challenges of Quantum-Resistant Algorithms

Abstract: Cryptographic algorithms are an essential measure to ensure confidentiality and integrity of internet communication. The development of quantum computers (QCs) and their potential to utilize Shor’s Law, is increasingly recognized as a threat to asymmetric cryptography. In response, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is gaining prominence as a notable field of research aiming to standardize quantum resistant algorithms before the operational usage of QCs. This paper is addressed to people with preliminary knowledge in the field of cryptography and QC. Based on a literature review, the authors provide an overview of challenges faced by the research community and elaborate the advancements in addressing post-quantum threats. A migration strategy from classical cryptosystems to PQC systems is in development, but obstacles such as time constraints and improper implementation complicate the process. Full implementation could take a decade or more. Until then, our paper aims to create awareness for potential challenges when transitioning towards PQC. As categorization scheme for these potential obstacles, we refer to a well- established model in cybersecurity – the McCumber Cube. Conclusions embrace preparing for risks of improper implementation and deriving a multi-step migration. Special attention is expected to be needed for data migration of existing data sets. As a request for future research in PQC, the authors identified the process of implementing post-cryptography standards, e.g., from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and an assessment of the perceived readiness of industry to adapt.


Obfuscated Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography

2026 International Conference on Quantum Communications, Networking, and Computing (QCNC)

Anju Rani, Xiaoyu Ai, Aman Gupta, Ravi Singh Adhikari, Robert Malaney

School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia


Post-Quantum Cryptography in Secure Instant Messaging Protocols

2025 MIPRO 48th ICT and Electronics Convention

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia


Quantum secure communication using hybrid post-quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution

2024 24th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

Nick Aquina, Simon Rommel, Idelfonso Tafur Monroy

Eindhoven University of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering,Eindhoven,The Netherlands


Federated Attested Custody for Blockchain Assets under Post-Quantum Uncertainty

ProvenRun, 77 avenue Niel, Paris, France


Quantum Cryptography and Post-Quantum Security: Safeguarding Cryptographic Protocols Against Quantum Threats

2025 2nd International Conference on Advanced Innovations in Smart Cities (ICAISC)

Jeddah International College,Computer Science & Information Technology Dept.,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia


Ethical AI-Based Health Systems: Analysing Privacy Preserving and Post-Quantum Cryptography Standards for IoT-Based Blockchain Applications

Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain in Healthcare

SCYTALE Group, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department (CEID), University of Patras, Greece


Securing Cryptography in the Quantum Era: A Systematic Review of Post-Quantum Cryptography Solutions

2025 3rd International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS)

Adil Khan, Khawla Khamis, Maitha Al Mesafri, Fatma Mubarak, Rayan Mustafa, Usman Butt

College of Engineering and Computing, Liwa University,Al Ain,UAE


Security in The Quantum Age: Side-Channel Attacks and Countermeasures in Post Quantum Cryptography

1st International Conference on Cybersecurity and Digital Defense


Transition of Self-Sovereign Identity to Post-Quantum Cryptography

2025 International Conference on Quantum Communications, Networking, and Computing (QCNC)

LINKS Foundation,Cybersecurity Research Group,Torino,Italy,10138


Low-Performance Embedded Internet of Things Devices and the Need for Hardware-Accelerated Post-Quantum Cryptography

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security

Philipp Grassl, Matthias Hudler, Manuel Koschuch

Competence Center for IT-Security, University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstraße 226, 1100 Vienna, Austria, --- Select a Country ---


Post-Quantum Cryptography Challenges in Connected Vehicles with V2X

Proceedings of the 2024 3rd International Conference on Cryptography, Network Security and Communication Technology


The Shifted Discrete Logarithm Problem and its Applications in Post-Quantum Cryptography

2025 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cryptography, Informatics, and Cybersecurity (ICoCICs)

Brayen Damara, Muhammad Imran, Kiki A. Sugeng

Universitas Indonesia,Department of Mathematics,Depok,Indonesia


Performance Evaluation of Classic McEliece Post Quantum Cryptography

2022 Algorithms, Computing and Mathematics Conference (ACM)

Nit Jalandhar,Computer science and engineering,Punjab,India


A Survey of Post-Quantum Cryptography Support in Cryptographic Libraries

2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)

Nadeem Ahmed, Lei Zhang, Aryya Gangopadhyay

Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County,Department of Information Systems,Baltimore,USA


Quantum-enhanced secure-link architecture with quantum stream cipher Y-00 and post-quantum cryptography: basic structure and experiment

Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging XXI

Kentaro Kato, Fumio Futami, Ken Tanizawa


Post-Quantum Cryptography: can Classical Algorithms Resist Quantum Attacks

2025 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF)


QUANTUM COMPUTING AND POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY

Universitatea Titu Maiorescu, the 19th international conference, education and creativity for a knowledge based society, informatics proceeding book

National University of Science and Technology  POLITEHNICA Bucharest

Abstract: Quantum computing is one of the most significant technological revolutions in the 21st century. Its ability to compute complicated mathematical equations exponentially higher than classical computers poses a risk of becoming outdated to the present cryptographic systems. RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based public key infrastructures are especially susceptible to the Shor algorithm that is capable of factoring large integers and calculating discrete logarithms on a sufficiently large quantum computer. The paper will discuss the principles of quantum computation and their applications in cryptography, as well as a new branch of cryptography, post-quantum cryptography (PQC). It discusses fabrics of key algorithmic contenders, the implementation issues, and the worldwide move to quantum resilient systems. The paper finds that hybrid encryption models, international standardization, and ethical governance are the key elements to achieving the digital future in the quantum era.


Mitigating Quantum Threats in Space Domain: Challenges and the Role of Post-Quantum Cryptography

2025 IEEE Space, Aerospace and Defence Conference (SPACE)

Institute of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers,Computer Science,New Delhi


An Overview of Quantum-Safe Approaches: Quantum Key Distribution and Post-Quantum Cryptography

2023 57th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)

Guobin Xu, Jianzhou Mao, Eric Sakk, Shuangbao Paul Wang

Morgan State University,The Department of Computer Science,Baltimore,USA


Blockchain in the Quantum Era: Surveying Security Challenges and Post-Quantum Cryptography

2025 IEEE 49th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

Università Degli Studi di Milano,Department of Computer Science,Milan,Italy


Quantum-Resilient Cryptography and Safe Guarding Post Quantum Cryptographic Protocols Against Quantum Threats

2026 6th International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Social Networking (ICPCSN)

S Hemajothi, Keerthana B, Janani R, Farzana E

Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College,Electronics and Communication Engineering,Chennai,India


Post Quantum Cryptography(PQC) - An overview: (Invited Paper)

2020 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)


OpenVPN with Hybrid Post-Quantum Cryptography on Constrained Devices

2025 Cyber Research Conference - Ireland (Cyber-RCI)

Digital … Data Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin) Also with Orange Business,Faculty of Computing,Dublin,Ireland


Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration of a Physical 5G Testbed

Proceedings of the 2025 1st ACM CCS Workshop on Quantum-Resistant Cryptography and Security

Dongxi Liu, Seung Ick Jang, Nazatul Sultan, Shangqi Lai, Sid Chi-Kin Chau, Jonathan Chan, Hajime Suzuki

CSIRO's Data61, Marsfield, NSW, Australia


Quantum Cryptography: Feasibility Of Post-Quantum Algorithms for Secure Communication

2026 6th International Conference on Expert Clouds and Applications (ICOECA)

Bharath Yadav G, Gadipudi Dishmitha, Thiruvannamalai Sivasankar P

CSBS JAIN (Deemed to be University),Dept. of CSE


A Compact SHA3 Implementation for Post-Quantum Cryptography

2024 1st International Conference On Cryptography And Information Security (VCRIS)

Trong-Hung Nguyen, Duc-Thuan Dam, Phuc-Phan Duong, Cong-Kha Pham, Trong-Thuc Hoang

The University of Electro-Communications (UEC),Tokyo,Japan


Post-Quantum Cryptography on Constrained Networks

2025 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)

Southwest Research Institute,Intelligent Systems Division,San Antonio,TX,USA


Post-Quantum Cryptography Neural Network

2023 International Conference on Smart Systems for applications in Electrical Sciences (ICSSES)

Information & Communications Security Laboratory, Chunghwa Telecom Laboratories,Taoyuan,Taiwan


Tutorial: Fundamentals of Cryptography for Chip Designers: Classical to Post-Quantum

2026 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)


Fault Attacks Friendliness of Post-quantum Cryptosystems

2023 Workshop on Fault Detection and Tolerance in Cryptography (FDTC)


A High-Level Security Techniques on Quantum Security for Post Quantum Cryptography

2025 International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Computing and Communication (ETCC)

M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology,,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Bangalore,India


Abscisic acid as an inhibitor of RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase in vitro


Deleobuvir sodium. RNA-directed RNA polymerase (NS5B) inhibitor, antiviral agent


Synthesis of an RNA Polymerase Inhibitor


Cordycepin as a Promising Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)


Inhibition of the RNA polymerase-catalyzed synthesis of RNA by marcellomycin. Preferential interference of the inhibitor with the stabilization of the ternary promoter-RNA polymerase-nascent RNA complex.


Synthesis of an HCV RNA Polymerase Inhibitor


Synthesis of an HCV NS5B RNA Polymerase Inhibitor


Cordycepin as a Promising Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp)


RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE (RDRP) INHIBITOR DRUGS AGAINST SARS-COV-2: A MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY

Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi


A synthetic inhibitor of RNA polymerase


Molnupiravir. RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor, Treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19


Ribosomal RNA degradation induced by the bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitor rifampicin

Lina Hamouche, Leonora Poljak, Agamemnon J. Carpousis

Abstract: Rifampicin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase. Here we show that rifampicin treatment of Escherichia coli results in a 50% decrease in cell size due to a terminal cell division. This decrease is a consequence of inhibition of transcription as evidenced by an isogenic rifampicin-resistant strain. There is also a 50% decrease in total RNA due mostly to a 90% decrease in 23S and 16S rRNA levels. Control experiments showed this decrease is not an artifact of our RNA purification protocol and therefore due to degradation in vivo. Since chromosome replication continues after rifampicin treatment, ribonucleotides from rRNA degradation could be recycled for DNA synthesis. Rifampicin-induced rRNA degradation occurs under different growth conditions and in different strain backgrounds. However, rRNA degradation is never complete, thus permitting the reinitiation of growth after removal of rifampicin. The orderly shutdown of growth under conditions where the induction of stress genes is blocked by rifampicin is noteworthy. Inhibition of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol resulted in a partial decrease in 23S and 16S rRNA levels whereas kasugamycin treatment had no effect. Analysis of temperature-sensitive mutant strains implicate RNase E, PNPase, and RNase R in rifampicin-induced rRNA degradation. We cannot distinguish between a direct role for RNase E in rRNA degradation versus an indirect role involving a slowdown of mRNA degradation. Since mRNA and rRNA appear to be degraded by the same ribonucleases, competition by rRNA is likely to result in slower mRNA degradation rates in the presence of rifampicin than under normal growth conditions.


Synthesis-Mediated Release of a Small RNA Inhibitor of RNA Polymerase

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Abstract: Noncoding small RNAs regulate gene expression in all organisms, in some cases through direct association with RNA polymerase (RNAP). Here we report that the mechanism of 6 S RNA inhibition of transcription is through specific, stable interactions with the active site of Escherichia coli RNAP that exclude promoter DNA binding. In fact, the DNA-dependent RNAP uses bound 6 S RNA as a template for RNA synthesis, producing 14-to 20-nucleotide RNA products (pRNA). These results demonstrate that 6 S RNA is functionally engaged in the active site of RNAP. Synthesis of pRNA destabilizes 6 S RNA–RNAP complexes leading to release of the pRNA-6 S RNA hybrid. In vivo, 6 S RNA–directed RNA synthesis occurs during outgrowth from the stationary phase and likely is responsible for liberating RNAP from 6 S RNA in response to nutrient availability.


Thiolutin Derivatives as inhibitor of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRP) of Hepatitis C Virus: An In-silico Approach

Annals of Antivirals and Antiretrovirals


Thumb II Site Inhibitor Allosterically Suppresses the Dynamics of HCV RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase

Daniel J. Deredge, Kenneth Johnson, Patrick Wintrode


TNP-2092. RNA polymerase (bacterial) inhibitor, DNA gyrase (bacterial) inhibitor, DNA topoisomerase IV (bacterial) inhibitor, Treatment of medical device-associated bacterial biofilm infections


[439] ADDITIVE TO SYNERGISTIC ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF AN NS3/4A PROTEASE INHIBITOR (ITMN-191) AND AN NS5B RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR (R1479) IN AN HCV REPLICON SYSTEM


Substitutions in the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase inhibitor T7 Gp2 that allow inhibition of transcription when the primary interaction interface between Gp2 and RNA polymerase becomes compromised

Andrey Shadrin, Carol Sheppard, Konstantin Severinov, Steve Matthews, Sivaramesh Wigneshweraraj

Section of Microbiology and MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK


Abstract 5597: Clinical significance of RNA polymerase I inhibitor in pancreatic cancer therapy

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

1University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX.

Abstract: Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States with limited therapeutic options available. Gemcitabine (GEM), a deoxycytidine nucleoside analog is currently considered the most effective therapy for PanCa. However, it shows only a marginal survival benefit of six months. Aberrant ribosome biogenesis occurs in most tumor types. We observed that PanCa cells are addicted to ribosome biogenesis (RiBi), which supports their highly aggressive metastatic phenotypes. Thus, strategically targeting RiBi process could be one of the ideal strategies for the prevention and treatment of PanCa. In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of POLR1A (RPA194) overexpression and how its targeting along with p53 status impacts RNA polymerase I inhibitor therapy against PanCa. The expression level of RPA194 was significantly elevated in pancreatic tumor tissues when compared with adjacent normal pancreatic tissues. BMH-21 is a potent pharmacological inhibitor of RNA Pol I, which is known to degrade RPA194 protein. Our results demonstrated that BMH-21 can selectively induce apoptosis in various PanCa cells but not in HPNE cells. We also found that the cytotoxic effect of BMH-21 was dependent on the expression pattern of RPA-194 and p53 status. We further examined the therapeutic efficacy of BMH-21 in orthotopic xenograft mouse models by using two different PanCa cells, AsPC1 which contains non-functional p53 and MIA PaCa-2 which contains functional mutant p53. We observed that BMH-21 significantly inhibited the growth of tumors derived from both cancer cell lines. Interestingly, BMH-21-mediated inhibition of tumor growth was more significant in tumors derived from MIA PaCa-2 cells compared to AsPC1 cells. Further examination revealed that the inhibition of tumor growth was correlated with RPA194 degradation followed by inhibition of cell proliferation. Overall, our results strongly suggest that BMH-21 is a promising non-toxic agent for the treatment of advanced PanCa and its therapeutic potential depends on RPA194 expression and p53 status in PanCa cells. Citation Format: Mudassier Ahmad. Clinical significance of RNA polymerase I inhibitor in pancreatic cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5597.


Remdesivir. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, Treatment of Ebola virus infection, Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)


Molecular Dynamics Simulation of DENV RNA-Dependent RNA-Polymerase with Potential Inhibitor of Disulfide Cyclic Peptide


Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) Inhibitor from Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Based on Molecular Docking and ADMET Prediction Approach


Resistance to Mericitabine, a Nucleoside Analogue Inhibitor of HCV Rna-Dependent RNA Polymerase

Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Isabel Najera, Ira Jacobson

National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and D, Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France

Abstract: Mericitabine (RG7128), an orally administered prodrug of PSI-6130, is the most clinically advanced nucleoside analogue inhibitor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of HCV. This review describes what has been learnt so far about the resistance profile of mericitabine. A serine to threonine substitution at position 282 (S282T) of the RdRp that reduces its replication capacity to approximately 15% of wild-type is the only variant that has been consistently generated in serial in vitro passage experiments. To date, no evidence of genotypic resistance to mericitabine has been detected by population or clonal sequence analysis in any baseline or on-treatment samples collected from >600 patients enrolled in Phase I/II trials of mericitabine administered as monotherapy, in combination with pegylated interferon/ ribavirin, or in combination with the protease inhibitor, danoprevir, for 14 days in the proof-of-concept study of interferon-free therapy.


Gliotoxin: inhibitor of poliovirus RNA synthesis that blocks the viral RNA polymerase 3Dpol

Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.

Abstract: The mode of action of gliotoxin against poliovirus has been analyzed in detail. This fungal metabolite inhibits the appearance of poliovirus proteins when present from the beginning of infection but has no effect on viral translation when added at late times. In agreement with previous findings, this toxin potently inhibited the incorporation of [3H]uridine into poliovirus RNA soon after its addition to the culture medium. Analysis of the synthesis of poliovirus plus- or minus-stranded RNA in the presence of gliotoxin suggests that this compound effectively hampered both processes. This result contrasts with the mode of action of other inhibitors of poliovirus RNA synthesis, such as guanidine or flavones, that selectively block plus-stranded RNA synthesis and suggests that the target of gliotoxin differs from the target of guanidine, i.e., poliovirus protein 2C. Indeed, gliotoxin was found to be a potent inhibitor of poliovirus RNA synthesis in cell-free systems, using membranous crude replication complexes, a reaction that is not blocked by guanidine or Ro 09-0179. Moreover, in vitro activity of the purified poliovirus polymerase 3Dpol was efficiently inhibited by gliotoxin. These results indicate that this toxin acts on the poliovirus polymerase 3Dpol, providing the first description of an inhibitor of this viral enzyme.


An Inhibitor of the Particle-associated RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase of Influenza A and B Viruses


Thevetiaflavone as a novel dengue serotype 3 Rna-dependent rna polymerase inhibitor: Insights from molecular docking and pharmacokinetic predictions


Effect of Tumour Growth on Hepatic Neutral Ribonuclease and Its Inhibitor and on RNA Polymerase Activity of Liver Nuclei

Abstract: In rats bearing a subcutaneously implanted Walker 256 carcinoma an early rise in liver DNA content was followed by a two-fold increase in RNA content between the 6th and 10th day of tumour growth. Total hepatic neutral ribonuclease and its inhibitor were unaffected by tumour growth. No alteration in RNA polymerase I and II activities of liver nuclei was observed except for a 47 % increase in RNA polymerase I on the 8th day of tumour growth.


Identification of Potent Inhibitor for RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase (RDRP) of Dengue Virus Serotype-3: A Molecular Docking Study

Journal of Applied Bioinformatics & Computational Biology


Inhibition of the RNA polymerase-catalyzed synthesis of RNA by daunomycin. Effect of the inhibitor on the late steps of RNA chain initiation.


In Silico Identification of a Potent Arsenic Based Approved Drug Darinaparsin against SARS-CoV-2: Inhibitor of RNA Dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and Essential Proteases.


Thumb II Site Inhibitor Allosterically Suppresses the Dynamics of HCV NS5B RNA‐Dependent RNA Polymerase

Bhavna Jois, Daniel Deredge, Kenneth Johnson, Patrick Wintrode

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland United States

Abstract: The NS5B RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase of human hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major target for drug development in the search for an effective treatment of hepatitis C. Various nucleoside analogs and allosteric non‐nucleoside inhibitors, classified based on the drug binding site, have been shown to bind NS5B and inhibit HCV replication. However, the genetic diversity of HCV and the rapid development of resistance mutations have stressed the need for better understanding of the mechanism of inhibition at a molecular level. With this intention, we have used hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the local dynamics of NS5B in the presence and absence of these inhibitors. We have verified that the inhibitor binding to the polymerase causes significant loss of exchange at the binding site and in regions adjacent. Additionally, we have seen that large regions of NS5B that are distant from the drug‐binding site show a significant loss in protein dynamics as detected by H/D exchange. This allosteric inhibition encompasses specific regions of NS5B that are involved in its catalytic cycle, including the fingers, finger extensions and thumb. Funding Source: University of Maryland School of Pharmacy


Blocking of Tat-dependent HIV-1 RNA modification by an inhibitor of RNA polymerase II processivity

Martin Braddock, Andrew M. Thorburn, Alan J. Kingsman, Susan M. Kingsman


Terpenoids from Centella asiatica, a novel inhibitor against RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase activity of NSP12 of the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19)

CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR)

Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources


RNA Polymerase Activity Catalyzed by a Potyvirus-Encoded RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase


Escherichia coli RNA polymerase-rifampicin complexes bound at promoter sites block RNA chain elongation by Escherichia coli/RNA polymerase and T7-specific RNA polymerase

George A. Kassavetis, Kathleen M. Kaya, Michael J. Chamberlin


The monoethyl ester of meconic acid is an active site inhibitor of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters


Targeting flavivirus RNA dependent RNA polymerase through a pyridobenzothiazole inhibitor

Delia Tarantino, Rolando Cannalire, Eloise Mastrangelo, Romina Croci, Gilles Querat, Maria Letizia Barreca, Martino Bolognesi, Giuseppe Manfroni, Violetta Cecchetti, Mario Milani


Potency of Three Brown Seaweeds Species as the Inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2

Muhamad Firdaus, Rahmi Nurdiani, Indri Novita Artasasta, Sayyidah Mutoharoh, Oni Pratiwi

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the binding activity of bioactive compounds from three brown seaweed on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 by docking method. The bioactive identification of Sargassum cristaefolium, S. echinocarpum, and Padina australis was carried out using HPLC-HRMS. The ligand structures in PDB format were obtained from the PubChem website and the RdRp from the RCSB website. The binding affinity of the interaction of bioactive components with the RdRp Covid-19 was determined by docking method using AutoDock Vina on PyRx software. The visualization of 2D and 3D interactions between ligands and macromolecules were carried out with the Biovia Discovery Studio and PyMol software. The decoction of S. cristaefolium, S. echinocarpum, and P. australis contained ninety one compounds, and there were twenty compounds with a strong affinity for RdRp. Rhamnetin was a compound of the Sargassum species have the strongest binding affinity of -7.6 kcal/mol. Its affinity bonds were hydrogen bonds in Val315, Arg349, Phe396, Asn628, and hydrophobic bonds in the form of bonds to - and -alkyl from Pro461. Taribavirin bound to RdRp in hydrogen bonds at Thr393, Thr394, and Phe396 and bound hydrophobically to -alkyl from Cys395. Rhamnetin has the same binding affinity region as taribavirin, which was the subdomain finger of the RdRp. In conclusion, rhamnetin is a compound of Sargassum sp that can inhibit the replication and transcription of RdRp SARS-CoV-2 and further studies using the molecular dynamics method on the mechanism of interaction between rhamnetin and the viral RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 are mandatory.


Total Synthesis of the Bacterial RNA Polymerase Inhibitor Ripostatin B


739 DISCOVERY OF A NOVEL, POTENT FLAVONOID INHIBITOR OF HCV RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE

A. Ahmed-Belkacem, R. Brillet, C. Pallier, C. Wychowski, J.-F. Guichou, J.-M. Pawlotsky


Viral RNA-dependent DNA Polymerase: RNA-dependent DNA Polymerase in Virions of RNA Tumour Viruses