Mechanistic cross-talk between DNA/RNA polymerase enzyme kinetics and nucleotide substrate availability in cells: Implications for polymerase inhibitor discovery

Si'Ana A. Coggins, Bijan Mahboubi, Raymond F. Schinazi, Baek Kim


RNA Polymerase: Structural Similarities Between Bacterial RNA Polymerase and Eukaryotic RNA Polymerase II

National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health


Structure of T7 RNA polymerase complexed to the transcriptional inhibitor T7 lysozyme


In Silico Identification of a Potent Arsenic Based Approved Drug Darinaparsin against SARS-CoV-2: Inhibitor of RNA Dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and Essential Proteases

Trinath Chowdhury, Gourisankar Roymahapatra, Santi M. Mandal

Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302,India

Abstract: Background: COVID-19 is a life-threatening novel corona viral infection to our civilization and spreading rapidly. Tremendousefforts have been made by the researchers to search for a drug to control SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Here, a series of arsenical derivatives were optimized and analyzed with in silico study to search the inhibitor of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the major replication factor of SARS-CoV-2. All the optimized derivatives were blindly docked with RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 using iGEMDOCK v2.1. Results: Based on the lower idock score in the catalytic pocket of RdRp, darinaparsin (-82.52 kcal/- mol) was revealed to be the most effective among them. Darinaparsin strongly binds with both Nsp9 replicase protein (-8.77 kcal/mol) and Nsp15 endoribonuclease (-8.3 kcal/mol) of SARS-- CoV-2 as confirmed from the AutoDock analysis. During infection, the ssRNA of SARS-CoV-2 is translated into large polyproteins forming viral replication complex by specific proteases like 3CL protease and papain protease. This is also another target to control the virus infection where darinaparsin also performs the inhibitory role to proteases of 3CL protease (-7.69 kcal/mol) and papain protease (-8.43 kcal/mol). Conclusion: In the host cell, the furin protease serves as a gateway to the viral entry and darinaparsin docked with furin protease, which revealed a strong binding affinity. Thus, screening of potential arsenic drugs would help in providing the fast in-vitro to in-vivo analysis towards the development of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.


Total Synthesis of RNA‐Polymerase Inhibitor Ripostatin B and 15‐Deoxyripostatin A


Binding mode prediction and inhibitor design of anti-influenza virus diketo acids targeting metalloenzyme RNA polymerase by molecular docking


Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by RNA Polymerase 1 Inhibitor: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms (P1.179)

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Michael Gurevich, Rina Falb, Anat Achiron

Multiple Sclerosis Center Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan  Israel


Human RNA polymerase II subunit hRPB14 is homologous to yeast RNA polymerase I, II, and III subunits (AC19 and RPB11) and is similar to a portion of the bacterial RNA polymerase α subunit


Mechanism of Inhibition By, and of Drug Resistance to, a Benzimidazole Inhibitor of the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus

Saumya S. Pandey, Shailendra Asthana, Paolo Lacola, Attillio Vargiu, Paolo Ruggerone


Design, Modeling and Control of a Quadruped Robot SPIDAR: Spherically Vectorable and Distributed Rotors Assisted Air-Ground Quadruped Robot_supp1-3272285.mp4

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)


Exploring surface detection for a quadruped robot in households

2014 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC)


Master-slave quadruped walking robot

Proceedings 6th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication. RO-MAN'97 SENDAI


Quadruped walking robot with multi PIC microcomputer system

Yoshihiko Takahashi, Mitsuyasu Watanabe, Shingo Tsuchiya


Max: A Wheeled-Legged Quadruped Robot for Multimodal Agile Locomotion_supp1-3345876.mp4


Design, Modeling, and Control of a Quadruped Robot SPIDAR: Spherically Vectorable and Distributed Rotors Assisted Air-Ground Quadruped Robot

Moju Zhao, Tomoki Anzai, Takuzumi Nishio

Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan


Reliable gait planning for a quadruped walking robot

2010 Chinese Control and Decision Conference


Perception-based control for a quadruped walking robot

Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation


Navigation strategy for a quadruped robot on soft flat ground

Masaaki Ikeda, Kiyotaka Izumi, Keigo Watanabe


Learning Human-Robot Handshaking Preferences for Quadruped Robots

2024 33rd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (ROMAN)

Alessandra Chappuis, Guillaume Bellegarda, Auke Ijspeert

Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL),BioRobotics Laboratory


Reinforcement Learning based Control of a Quadruped Robot

2022 IEEE 19th India Council International Conference (INDICON)

College of Engineering,Dept of ECE,Trivandrum,Trivandrum,India


A distributed adaptive control system for a quadruped mobile robot

IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks


Attitude stabilization of quadruped walking robot

Muhammad Ilyas, Jung San Cho, Sangdeok Park, Seung-Ho Baeg


Robot Simulations Based on Bipedal Spring-Mass Model With Variable Slack Length and Stiffness

National High Technology Project (863) Research and Development for Quadruped Bionic Robot in Outdoor Environment, Hydraulic Bipedal Robot Project, High Power-to-weight Ratio Quadruped Robot Research


Modeling and simulation of a parallel quadruped robot

2019 20th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC)

Piotr Wasilewski, Justyna Tolstoj-Sienkiewicz


Multiobjective optimization of a quadruped robot gait

22nd Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation

Edin Koco, Slaven Glumac, Zdenko Kovacic


Real-time quadruped robot control system based on Xenomai


The development of multisensor integrated quadruped pet robot

IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, 2005. ICM '05.


Charlotte: Low-cost Open-source Semi-Autonomous Quadruped Robot

2020 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC)

Facundo Garcia-Cardenas, Nelson Soberon, Oscar E. Ramos, Ruth Canahuire


Adaptive Control of Quadruped Robot Under Varying Load Conditions

2024 Tenth Indian Control Conference (ICC)

Indian Institute of Science,Department of Computer Science and Automation,Bangalore


Low-Cost Quadruped Robot for Research Applications

2025 IEEE International Conference on Computation, Big-Data and Engineering (ICCBE)

Clemson University,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Clemson,United States of America


Obstacle crossing with stereo vision for a quadruped robot

2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation


Omni-directional walking of a quadruped robot

IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and System


“RUNNING” — The bionic quadruped robot

2017 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems (ICUS)


Active disturbances rejection control of a quadruped robot leg

Kaiying Zhu, Jian Wang, Hongxu Ma, Qing Wei


The Stability Analysis for Quadruped Bionic Robot

2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems


An optimized discontinuous crawl gait for quadruped robot

Bin Li, Yaxian Xin, Yibin Li, Xuewen Rong


Comparison of ROS 2 QoS Policies for Real-Time Quadruped Robot Control

2026 25th International Symposium INFOTEH-JAHORINA (INFOTEH)

University of Tennessee at Chattanooga,Department of Engineering Management and Technology,Chattanooga,TN,USA


Trotting Gait Optimization Method for a Quadruped Robot

Alessandro Zanotti, Maicol Laurenza, Gianluca Pepe, Antonio Carcaterra

University “La Sapienza” of Rome,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering


Controller-switching based gait transition for a quadruped robot

2016 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation


Kinematics analysis and simulation of quadruped robot

Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Fluid Power and Mechatronics


Reinforcement Learning-Based Path Tracking With Application of Quadruped Robot

Yikang Ouyang, Haotian Bai, Yunxiao Shan

Sun Yat-sen University,School of Electronics and Information Technology,Guangzhou,China


Locomotion planning for quadruped robot over rough terrain

Zhongyuan Wang, Caiming Sun, Ganyu Deng, Aidong Zhang


Energetically Optimal Gait Transition Velocities of a Quadruped Robot

2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics


Development of an Eccentric Legged Quadruped Robot for a Predefined Uneven Terrain

2022 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC)

Bhanuka Dayawansa, Premnath Vasudevan, Infas Irfan, Migara Liyanage

Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Malabe,Sri Lanka


The quadruped locomotion robot with the flexible materials

2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems


Turning maneuvers and mediolateral reaction forces in a quadruped robot

2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics


Quadruped robot crawl gait planning based on DST

Proceedings of the 33rd Chinese Control Conference


Rollover prevention by Quadruped Tracked Mobile Robot

2023 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)

Tohoku Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Sendai,Japan,982-8577


Hybrid Dynamics Modeling and Trajectory Planning for Cable-Trailer with Quadruped Robot System_supp1-3632080.mp4


A quadruped robot platform with basic software for RoboCup-99 legged robot league

Proceedings. 2000 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2000) (Cat. No.00CH37113)


A proposal of a quadruped robot platform for RoboCup

Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robot and Systems. Innovative Robotics for Real-World Applications. IROS '97


Bionic body bending driven by cables for quadruped robot

2017 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA)


Balance recovery of a quadruped robot

2015 3rd RSI International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICROM)


Parametric analysis and design guidelines for a quadruped bounding robot

2007 Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation

Panagiotis Chatzakos, Evangelos Papadopoulos


Loper: A quadruped-hybrid stair climbing robot

2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation

Sam D. Herbert, Andrew Drenner, Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos


Control of the quadruped robot using simple CPG network

2012 7th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)


Sample efficiency analysis of Neuroevolution algorithms on a quadruped robot

2013 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation

Shengbo Xu, Hirotaka Moriguch, Shinichi Honiden


Body State Recognition for a Quadruped Mobile Robot

2018 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES)


A quadruped robot which can take various postures

Proceedings 1999 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.99CH36288C)


Graphene Transistors


Hybridized Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors for Gas Sensing Applications


Advances in Graphene RF Transistors and Applications


Graphene Field Effect Transistors: Diffusion-Drift Theory

Physics and Applications of Graphene - Theory


Enhanced Performance in Graphene Transistors via Interface Engineering


Graphene-based liquid-gated transistors for biosensing

Agence Bibliographique de l'Enseignement Supérieur

Abstract: Capteurs biologiques à base de transistors graphène à grille liquide Avec l'augmentation du nombre de cancers et des maladies infectieuses et cardiovasculaires, la détection précoce et/ou en temps réel des biomarqueurs associés est particulièrement cruciale afin de permettre un diagnostic et un traitement efficace. Compte tenu du vieillissement de la population mondiale, et de la nécessité de perfectionnement des services médicaux dans les pays émergents comme l'Inde ou la Chine, la demande de dispositifs de diagnostic médical représente un domaine d'application majeur pour les capteurs biologiques.Les transistors à grille liquide à base de graphène (SGFET) représentent une génération de biocapteurs très prometteuse, dans la lignée des biocapteurs à haute sensibilité s'appuyant sur les propriétés exceptionnelles des nanofils et nanotubes de carbone. Transformer un dispositif SGFET en biocapteur nécessite d'immobiliser des biorécepteurs à la surface du graphène. Les techniques de fonctionnalisation non covalente sont les plus efficaces, car elles permettent de préserver à la fois l'intégrité structurelle et les propriétés électriques du graphène. Dans cette perspective, le PBASE est largement utilisé, puisque cette molécule peut s'adsorber sur le graphène par des interactions de type pi-pi, tout en exposant un groupement chimique réactif servant d'ancrage pour le greffage de récepteurs biologiques. Cependant, il n'est pas systématiquement démontré que les biorécepteurs restent fonctionnels lorsqu'ils sont greffés au PBASE, car cette molécule est incapable d'empêcher les biorécepteurs de s'adsorber sur le graphène et d'être par conséquent dénaturés. Le "tripod" est une molécule se liant de manière multivalente au graphène grâce à trois pieds en pyrène, projetant efficacement toute fonctionnalité active loin de la surface, et formant une couche de reconnaissance biologique prévisible et robuste sur le graphène.Dans ce contexte, ces travaux de thèse ont visé à développer un SGFET à base de graphène fonctionnalisé avec le tripod pour des applications de détection biologique très robustes, fiables et sensibles. Différentes méthodes ont été explorées afin d'établir un procédé de fabrication stable et reproductible. Ce procédé a notamment été caractérisé par un ensemble de mesures AFM, XPS et Raman. La performance des dispositifs fabriqués a été évaluée avant la fonctionnalisation non covalente par des mesures électriques sous air et en milieu liquide, et une première preuve du concept de détection de la streptavidine a été présentée.


Graphene-based lateral heterostructure transistors exhibit better intrinsic performance than graphene-based vertical transistors as post-CMOS devices

Demetrio Logoteta, Gianluca Fiori, Giuseppe Iannaccone


Fundamental studies of supported graphene interfaces : defect density of states in graphene field effect transistors (FETs) and ideal graphene - silicon Schottky diodes

University Libraries, University at Albany, State University of New York


Sensing Mechanisms in Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors Operating in Liquid

Tilmann J. Neubert, Kannan Balasubramanian


Bypassing Material Limits in Graphene Transistors through Gate Engineering


Applications of graphene in electronics: graphene field effect transistors

Recent Advances in Graphene and Graphene-Based Technologies

Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing


Graphene Transistors and RF Applications

Physics and Applications of Graphene - Experiments

Jeong-Sun Moon, Kurt Gaskill, Paul Campbell


Effects of low energy E-beam irradiation on graphene and graphene field effect transistors and raman metrology of graphene on split gate test structures


Graphene Transistors: Silicon CMOS-Compatible Processing for Applications in Nanoelectronics


Synaptic Transistors Using Scalable Graphene Nanoribbons


Thin‐Film Transistors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Biosensing


Modeling Of Two Dimensional Graphene And Non-graphene Material Based Tunnel Field Effect Transistors For Integrated Circuit Design


Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors for Sensing Stress and Fatigue Biomarkers

Biddut K. Sarker, Cheri M. Hampton, Lawrence F. Drummy


Noise in Graphene Transistors

Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India


Contaminant-Free Wafer-Scale Assembled hBN/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures for Graphene Field-Effect Transistors


Publications Office of the European Union


Transistors from Graphene and Graphene Nanostructures

Abstract: Abstract not Available.


Terahertz Laser Combs in Graphene Field-Effect Transistors


Nano Transistor With Graphene Nano Sheets (GA) ,The Role of Graphene Nano-Plates (GA) in The Construction of Nano Transistors


Photosensitive Graphene PN Junction Transistors and Ternary Inverters


Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors: Advanced Bioelectronic Devices for Sensing Applications

Kyung Ho Kim, Hyun Seok Song, Oh Seok Kwon, Tai Hyun Park


Graphene transistors created for microelectronics


Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors

Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Device Physics


Chemical and Biosensing Applications Based on Graphene Field-Effect Transistors

Yasuhide Ohno, Kenzo Maehashi, Kazuhiko Matsumoto


Surface Modification Strategies to Increase the Sensing Length in Electrolyte‐Gated Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

Juliana Scotto, Wolfgang Knoll, Waldemar A. Marmisollé, Omar Azzaroni


Gate-Defined Single-Electron Transistors in Twisted Bilayer Graphene


Polyelectrolyte‐Enzyme Assemblies Integrated into Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications

Esteban Piccinini, Gonzalo E. Fenoy, Wolfgang Knoll, Waldemar A. Marmisollé, Omar Azzaroni


Electron Transport across Vertical Silicon/MoS2/Graphene Heterostructures: Towards Efficient Emitter Diodes for Graphene Base Hot Electron Transistors


Review of: "Graphene in nMOS field-effect transistors"


Graphene-Based Plasmonic Terahertz Laser Transistors

Abstract: This chapter reviews recent advances in the research of graphene-based plasmonic terahertz laser transistors. Optically or electrically pumped graphene works as a gain medium in the terahertz frequency range. The author’s group theoretically discovered this fact and experimentally verified the single mode terahertz emission, as well as broadband terahertz amplified spontaneous emission from fabricated graphene-channel field-effect transistor (GFET) laser chips. However, its lasing threshold temperature was low (100 K) and emission intensity was weak. To drastically improve the laser performance, the introduction of graphene Dirac plasmons (GDPs) as the gain booster is promising. The author’s group found a novel way to promote the current-driven instability of the GDPs in an asymmetric dual-grating-gate GFET, demonstrating room-temperature amplification of stimulated emission of terahertz radiation with the maximal gain of 9% which is four times larger than the quantum-mechanical limit when terahertz photons directly interact with graphene electrons without excitation of the GDPs. The author also proposes the active controlling of the parity and time-reversal symmetries of the GDPs as a paradigm towards ultrafast direct gain switching in the GFET lasers. Future directions to unite the gain seed and amplifier sections in a single GFET structure will be addressed with several feasible scenarios.


Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (unidadeFCCN)


Hydrogel Gate Graphene Field-Effect Transistors as Multiplexed Biosensors


Simple Interface Engineering of Graphene Transistors with Hydrophobizing Stamps


Dielectrophoresis-Enhanced Graphene Field-Effect Transistors for Nano-Analyte Sensing


Conformational Transitions of Polymer Brushes for Reversibly Switching Graphene Transistors


Acetylcholine biosensor based on the electrochemical functionalization of graphene field-effect transistors


Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Heterojunction Transistors with Individual Gate Control


Environment-Dependent Radiation Tolerance of Graphene Transistors under Proton Irradiation


Improved High Frequency Performance and Scaling Effects of Graphene Transistors on Diamond-like Carbon


Stretchy graphene transistors


Development and evaluation of lipid nanoparticles for camptothecin delivery: a comparison of solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and lipid emulsion

Zih-rou HUANG, Shu-chiou HUA, Yueh-lung YANG, Jia-you FANG


Skin permeation of buprenorphine and its ester prodrugs from lipid nanoparticles: lipid emulsion, nanostructured lipid carriers and solid lipid nanoparticles

Jhi-Joung Wang, Kuo-Sheng Liu, K. C. Sung, Chia-Yin Tsai, Jia-You Fang


Nanostructure Lipid Carrier (NLC): the new generation of lipid nanoparticles

Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences

Sarabjot kaur, Ujjwal Nautyal, Ramandeep Singh, Satvinder Singh, Anita Devi


Lipid nanoparticles: Different preparation techniques, characterization, hurdles, and strategies for the production of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers for oral drug delivery


Edible lipid nanoparticles: Digestion, absorption, and potential toxicity


Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Promising Drug Delivery System

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)


Invserse Hexagonal Lipid Phase Encapsulating siRNA in Lipid Nanoparticles


Lipid Nanoparticles: Peptide Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles for Anticancer Drug Delivery (Adv. Mater. 28/2012)

Timothy R. Pearce, Kamlesh Shroff, Efrosini Kokkoli


Development and evaluation of lipid nanoparticles for paclitaxel delivery: a comparison between solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers


Lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for topical psoralen delivery: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) versus nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Jia-You Fang, Chia-Lang Fang, Chi-Hsien Liu, Yu-Han Su


Stability of Lipid Excipients in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Abstract: AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.


PREPARATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES (SLN) AND NANOSTRUCTURATED LIPID CARRIERS (NLC)

Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology


PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID LIPID MICRO/NANOPARTICLES I. EFFECT OF LIPID CONCENTRATION, SURFACTANT TYPE AND CONCENTRATION ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID LIPID MICRO/NANOPARTICLES

Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research

Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Ahmed Gardouh, Hussein Sayed, Mamdouh Ghorab, Shaded Abdel-Rahman


Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)

The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection

University Fernando Pessoa and University of Porto


Long-term anesthetic analgesic effects: Comparison of tetracaine loaded polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers in vitro and in vivo


Key Design Features of Lipid Nanoparticles and Electrostatic Charge-Based Lipid Nanoparticle Targeting

T.J.L. School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA

Abstract: Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have gained much attention after the approval of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. The considerable number of currently ongoing clinical studies are testament to this fact. These efforts towards the development of LNPs warrant an insight into the fundamental developmental aspects of such systems. In this review, we discuss the key design aspects that confer efficacy to a LNP delivery system, i.e., potency, biodegradability, and immunogenicity. We also cover the underlying considerations regarding the route of administration and targeting of LNPs to hepatic and non-hepatic targets. Furthermore, since LNP efficacy is also a function of drug/nucleic acid release within endosomes, we take a holistic view of charged-based targeting approaches of LNPs not only in the context of endosomal escape but also in relation to other comparable target cell internalization strategies. Electrostatic charge-based interactions have been used in the past as a potential strategy to enhance the drug release from pH-sensitive liposomes. In this review, we cover such strategies around endosomal escape and cell internalization in low pH tumor micro-environments.


Optimized Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of a Poorly Soluble Drug: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles <i>Versus</i> Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

Manal K.M. Darwish, Amal S.M. Abu El-Enin, Kamilia H.A. Mohammed

Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo,
Egypt

Abstract: Introduction: Rosuvastatin calcium (ROSCa) is an anti-hyperlipidemic drug with only 20% oral bioavailability due to its low solubility and high first-pass metabolism. Therefore, the main purpose of this work was to compare solid lipid nanoparticles to nanostructured lipid carriers and evaluate their effect on solubility improvement and hence the bioavailability of a model insoluble drug. Methodology: Different nanosuspensions were formulated using high-speed homogenization and ultrasonication techniques, using Apifil as solid lipid and Maisine as liquid lipid. The effect of different variables on quality attributes (particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE), and in vitro release) was studied using the Box-Behnken design. Then, the optimized nanoparticles were lyophilized, filled into capsules, and evaluated. Finally, the optimized formula was clinically evaluated in six healthy human volunteers. Results: It was observed that the variables had a great impact on EE and particle size. Nanoparticles showed maximum particles of 180.3 nm, and % EE ranged from 40.77% to 91.67%. Capsules loaded with NLCs were found to be more stable than those loaded with SLNs. The clinical study of NLCs-ROSCa showed an enhancement in the C max (8.92 ng/ml) compared to the commercial product (2.56 ng/ml) with approximately 349% relative bioavailability. Conclusion: ROSCa was successfully encapsulated in SLNs and NLCs. The optimized NLCs formulation showed improved quality attributes compared to SLNs. Thus, NLCs loaded formulations could be an effective oral drug delivery system to enhance the bioavailability of insoluble drugs.


Preparation and Evaluation of Sold Lipid Nanoparticles(SLNs) containing 5-Fluorouracil and Its Derivative

Journal of Korean Pharmaceutical Sciences


Physicochemical Investigations on Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and on Oil-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Study

Katja Jores, Wolfgang Mehnert, Karsten Mäder


Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers – Innovative Generations of Solid Lipid Carriers

S. Shidhaye, Reshma Vaidya, Sagar Sutar, Arati Patwardhan, V. Kadam


Stability of lipid excipients in solid lipid nanoparticles☆


Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Review

Rajashree Hirlekar, Harshal Garse, Vilasrao Kadam


Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Particles: A Comparative Review on Lipid-based Nanocarriers

Anjali Sharma, Devkant Sharma, Pritish Kumar Panda, Niladry Shekhar Ghosh

Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, 135001, Haryana, India

Abstract: Lipid-based nanocarriers have emerged as promising vehicles for the delivery of various therapeutic agents, owing to their biocompatibility, stability, and ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Among these lipid-based nanocarriers, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) have gained significant attention in the field of drug delivery. This comparative review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of SLNs and NLCs, focusing on their formulation, physicochemical properties, drug-loading capacity, stability, and drug release profiles. The review highlights the differences in preparation techniques, particle size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency, stability, drug delivery, cosmetic and personal care, and food industry applications between SLN and NLC. Furthermore, the review discusses the toxicity and safety profiles of these nanoparticles, including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, acute toxicity, and long-term toxicity. Finally, the review identifies the potential applications, limitations, and future research directions of SLN and NLC. In summary, this comparative review provides valuable insights into the formulation, physicochemical properties, drug-loading capacity, stability, and drug release profiles of SLNs and NLCs. By understanding the similarities and differences between these lipid-based nanocarriers, researchers and pharmaceutical scientists can make informed decisions regarding the selection of the most suitable nanocarrier for specific therapeutic applications.


575. Chitosan/siRNA Nanoparticles Demonstrate Superior Silencing Efficiency and Lower Toxicity Compared To Lipid Nanoparticles


Characterization Methods for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC)

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria


Targeted Gene Editing for PKD: Optimizing CRISPR / Cas9 Delivery Through Electroporation and Lipid Nanoparticles


Applications of Lipid Nanoparticles in CRISPR Technology.

Abstract: Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) genome editing is one of the most popular gene editing techniques with its simpleness, convenience, and efficiency. Nowadays, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been used in agriculture, medicine, biology, and many other fields for screening target genes, creating modal animals, and gene therapy. However, there are still obstacles before clinical applications of CRISPR-Cas9, and a safe and effective delivery system is required for transportation. Studies have shown that lipid-nanoparticle-based delivery, using lipid nanoparticle (LNP) as the carrier, is a good method of transportation. LNP is a vesica-like globule composed of a lipid shell adorned with signal proteins and goods inside it. LNP improved the stability and immunogenicity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system and has the merits of easy production and high modifiability, making it an ideal carrier with high potential in the future. This review introduces four basic components of LNP: localizable cationic lipids, polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids, zwitterionic phospholipids, and cholesterol. This review focuses on the applications of LNP, including lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles, biocompatible monosized lipid-coated stellate mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LC-MSNs), biodegradable lipid and messenger RNA Nanoparticles, Mulberry leaf lipid nanoparticles, phenylboronic acid-derived lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles combined with ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction, cationic lipid-assisted PEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles, multi-valent N-Acetylgalactosamine-Lipid nanoparticles, etc. Further research in LNP and CRISPR systems is required to optimize the delivery properties for clinical applications.


Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of 99mTc-radiolabeled Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Chitosan Coated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Nasrin Abbasi Gharibkandi, Sajjad Molavipordanjani, Jafar Akbari, Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr

Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Abstract: Background: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) possess unique in vivo features such as high resistivity, bioavailability, and habitation at the target site. Coating nanoparticles with polymers such as chitosan greatly affects their pharmacokinetic behavior, stability, tissue uptake, and controlled drug delivery. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate the biodistribution of 99mTc-labeled SLNs and chitosan modified SLNs in mice. Methods: 99mTc-oxine was prepared and utilized to radiolabel pre-papered SLNs or chitosan coated SLNs. After purification of radiolabeled SLNs (99mTc-SLNs) and radiolabeled chitosan-coated SLNs (99mTc-Chi-SLNs) using Amicon filter, they were injected into BALB/c mice to evaluate their biodistribution patterns. In addition, nanoparticles were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Results: 99mTc-oxine with high radiochemical purity (RCP~100%) and stability (RCP > 97% at 24 h) was used to provide 99mTc-SLNs and 99mTc-Chi-SLNs with high initial RCP (100%). TEM image and DLS data suggest 99mTc- SLNs susceptibility to aggregation. To that end, the main portion of 99mTc-SLNs radioactivity accumulates in the liver and intestines, while 99mTc-Chi-SLNs sequesters in the liver, intestines and kidneys. The blood radioactivity of 99mTc-Chi-SLNs was higher than that of 99mTc-SLNs by 7.5, 3.17 and 3.5 folds at 1, 4 and 8 h post-injection. 99mTc- Chi-SLNs uptake in the kidneys in comparison with 99mTc-SLNs was higher by 37.48, 5.84 and 11 folds at 1, 4 and 8h. Conclusion: The chitosan layer on the surface of 99mTc-Chi-SLNs reduces lipophilicity in comparison with 99mTc- SLNs. Therefore, 99mTc-Chi-SLNs are less susceptible to aggregation, which leads to their lower liver uptake and higher kidney uptake and blood concentration.


Differences and Similarities of the Intravenously Administered Lipid Nanoparticles in Three Clinical Trials: Potential Linkage between Lipid Nanoparticles and Extracellular Vesicles

Yuta Suzuki, Yuri Katsurada, Kenji Hyodo

Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan


Recent Progress of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Ocular Drug Delivery Platforms

Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 55 Marin Drinov Str., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria

Abstract: Sufficient ocular bioavailability is often considered a challenge by the researchers, due to the complex structure of the eye and its protective physiological mechanisms. In addition, the low viscosity of the eye drops and the resulting short ocular residence time further contribute to the observed low drug concentration at the target site. Therefore, various drug delivery platforms are being developed to enhance ocular bioavailability, provide controlled and sustained drug release, reduce the number of applications, and maximize therapy outcomes. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) exhibit all these benefits, in addition to being biocompatible, biodegradable, and susceptible to sterilization and scale-up. Furthermore, their successive surface modification contributes to prolonged ocular residence time (by adding cationic compounds), enhanced penetration, and improved performance. The review highlights the salient characteristics of SLNs and NLCs concerning ocular drug delivery, and updates the research progress in this area.


Drug-Lipid-Surfactant Miscibility for the Development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Anne Trivino, Ashwini Gumireddy, Harsh Chauhan


Physical Chemical Considerations of Lipid‐Based Oral Drug Delivery‐Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Abstract: AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.


The Role of Lipid Structure Indisruption of Lipid Membranes by Silica Nanoparticles


Advancements in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Breast Cancer Therapy

University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, NH-95 Chandigarh Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab,
India

Abstract: : Solid Lipid Nanocarriers (SLNs) offer a promising avenue for breast cancer treatment, a disease that accounts for 12.5% of global cancer cases. Despite strides in combined therapies (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and endocrine therapy), challenges like systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and adverse effects persist. The manuscript offers several novel contributions to the field of breast cancer treatment through the use of SLNs, and these are innovative drug delivery systems, multifunctionality, and biocompatibility, the potential to overcome drug resistance, integration with emerging therapies, focus on personalized medicine, ongoing and future research directions and potential for reduced side effects. SLNs present a novel strategy due to their unique physicochemical properties. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, ensuring controlled release and targeted delivery, thus enhancing solubility and bioavailability and reducing side effects. The multifunctional nature of SLNs improves drug delivery while their biocompatibility supports their potential in cancer therapy. Challenges for pharmacists include maintaining stability, effective drug loading, and timed delivery. Combining SLNs with emerging therapies like gene and immunotherapy holds promise for more effective breast cancer treatments. SLNs represent a significant advancement, providing precise drug delivery and fewer side effects, with the potential for overcoming drug resistance. Ongoing research will refine SLNs for breast cancer therapy, targeting cells with minimal side effects and integrating with other treatments for comprehensive approaches. Advances in nanotechnology and personalized medicine will tailor SLNs to specific breast cancer subtypes, enhancing effectiveness. Clinical trials and new treatment developments are crucial for realizing SLNs’ full potential in breast cancer care. In conclusion, SLNs offer a transformative approach to breast cancer treatment, addressing issues of drug delivery and side effects. Ongoing research aims to optimize SLNs for targeted therapy, potentially revolutionizing breast cancer care and providing hope for patients.


Ranolazine loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery: Characterization, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation

Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal

Abdul Sayeed Khan, Bhupen Chandra Behera


Sucrose ester stabilized solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: I. Effect of formulation variables on the physicochemical properties, drug release and stability of clotrimazole-loaded nanoparticles

Surajit Das, Wai Kiong Ng, Reginald B H Tan


Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs): A Novel Formulation in Drug Delivery System

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research


Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Emerging Lipid Based Drug Delivery Systems

Rupesh K. Shirodkar, Lalit Kumar, Srinivas Mutalik, Shaila Lewis


Solid lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier: A Novel Approach for Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY

Naimish Nanda, Chozharajan Tharmaraj, Saswati Panigrahi, Mandadi Sandhya Rani

Abstract: Lipid nanoparticles, or LNPs, including nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), attracted a lot of attention lately. SLNs were formed to circumvent the confines of the most common colloidal carriers because of their benefits, which include a favorable profile of release and precise administration of the drug with great physical stability. NLCs are the succeeding group of lipid nanoparticles with better capacity loading and durability. There are three possible NLC structural models. These LNPs may find usage in clinical medicine, research, cosmetics, and drug delivery.


Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) in Cosmetic and Dermatological Preparations


Fabrication, appraisal, and transdermal permeation of sildenafil citrate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers versus solid lipid nanoparticles


Effective Delivery Routes and Strategies for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC)

Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India


Lipid Effects on Expulsion Rate of Amphotericin B from Solid Lipid Nanoparticles


Lipid nanoparticles ferry anticancer drug to brain tumour cells


Enhanced Antifungal Activity of Voriconazole-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Against Aspergillus Flavus Isolates from Goat

SynthesisHub Advance Scientific Research

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research


Development and Evaluation of Lipid-Based Formulations for Liver Cancer: A Comparative Study of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles vs. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Nanotechnology


Formulation and Evaluation of Chitosan Based Sofosbuvir Solid Lipid Nanoparticles


Compatibility Study of Phyto Bioactive Compound with Lipid Excipients for the Development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Pavithra Kothapalli, Manimaran Vasanthan


Lipid nanoparticles and mRNA vaccines


Gut physiology meets microbiome science

Abstract: Abstract Research on the gut microbiome has gained high popularity and almost every disease has meanwhile been linked to alterations in microbiome composition. Typically assessed via stool samples, the microbiome displays a huge diversity with a multitude of environmental parameters already identified as contributing to its character. Despite impressive scientific progress, normal microbiome diversity remains largely unexplained and it is tempting to speculate some of the yet unexplained variance is hidden in normal gut physiology. Although a few genome/phenome-wide associations studies have recently highlighted physiological parameters such as stool frequency, known as contributing to microbiome diversity, there is a large knowledge base from decades of basic research on gut functions that can be explored for possible links to stool features and microbiome characteristics. And, when extrapolating findings from faecal samples to the biology in the intestinal lumen or the mucosal microenvironment, gut anatomy and physiology features need to be considered. Similarly, differences in anatomy and physiology between rodents and humans need attention when discussing findings in animals in relation to human physiology and nutrition.


Gut Microbiome and Health: A new forum for integrative microbiome research and its impact on human health


Gut Microbiome: The Cornerstone of Life and Health

Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China


Role of gut microbiome in obesity


Relationship between gut microbiome and diabetes


Chapter 5 The Role of Diet in Shaping the Gut Microbiome

The Gut-Brain Connection: How Your Microbiome Affects Mental Health

Dr. Rajesh Ranjan, Dr. Rohit Mishra, Dr. Aishwarya Singh


Potential Biotics for Nutritional Improvement of Health via Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis

University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract: People’s dietary consumption is significantly influenced by biological, social, and psychological behaviours; as a result, complexes regarding their health arise. Due to the nutraceutical advantages of functional foods and supplements, a variety of fermented foods and beverages are now available to consumers. The properties of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and paraprobiotics are discussed in this overview along with their importance to diet and long-term health. Several synbiotic products, which are complimentary blends of chosen, defined probiotic cultures and prebiotic substrates, have drawn consumers’ attention in the nutraceutical sector recently. Probiotics and symbiotic preparations are distinct from the traditional fermented foods eaten in various cultures, even if they might be thought of as possible biotics in food. Because they are prepared with seasonal raw ingredients obtained from regional agricultural techniques, fermented foods are affordable and a staple diet component in many nations. All of the biotics mentioned in this article are meant to increase the number of good microbes in the gut, which has been shown to be crucial for the microbiome-gut-brain axis, which affects the activity of the vagus nerve.


Human gut microbiome and psychological disorders

Mudassir Azeez Khan, Sunmathi Dhandapani, B.M. Snehalatha


An introduction to human gut microbiome

Sampan Attri, Saurabh Bansal, Gunjan Goel


Gut Microbiome Variability in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract: The gut microbiome is more than just the gastrointestinal tract and the digestive organ. It is a unique community of microbes, the particular composition of which may play an important role in the development of disease, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Research to date has focused on the role that genetics, the immune system, and environmental conditions may play in IBD, but additional investigations are needed to fully understand the connection between gut microbiota and the development of the disease. To illuminate this connection, data were analyzed from the Integrative Human Microbiome Project from children with Crohn′s disease (CD), and these data were compared to comparable data from healthy children. Data samples were analyzed through statistical analyses including the Welch t ‐test and PERMANOVA test. Significant differences in the composition of the gut microbial communities were observed between individuals with IBD and the control group. Specifically, samples with IBD had an increased abundance o f Escherichia coli and Ruminococcus torques. Additionally, increased levels of Bacteroides fragilis were observed, indicating that elevated levels of Bacteroides fragilis , associated with the Bacteroides fragilis toxin, may have a potential role in the onset of IBD. Furthermore, CD samples exhibited decreased Chao1 richness when compared with healthy control samples. These findings signify a potential connection between the gut microbiome and the abundance of certain microbiota with IBD onset. This paper is aimed at identifying potential connections associated with the presence of specific microbiota in the gut microbiome and the manifestation of chronic disease, particularly IBD.


GUT MICROBIOME QUESTIONNAIRE v1

Abstract: The protocol details the gut microbiome questionnaire_self adminsitered by subjects.


Has the two decades of research on the gut microbiome resulted in making healthier choices?

Abstract: Abstract The gut microbiome is widely recognized for its significant contribution to maintaining human health across all life stages, from infancy to adulthood and beyond. This perspective article focuses on the impacts of well-supported microbiome research on global caesarean delivery rates, breastfeeding practices, and antimicrobial use. The article also explores the impact of dietary choices, particularly those involving ultra-processed foods, on the gut microbiota and their potential contribution to conditions like obesity, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory diseases. This perspective aims to emphasize the need for updated guidelines and policy interventions to address the increasing global trends of caesarean deliveries, reduced breastfeeding, overuse of antibiotics, and consumption of highly processed foods to counter their adverse effects on gut health.


Bisphenols and the Gut Microbiome

Gut Microbiome and Environmental Toxicants


Evaluating the gut microbiome, dietary patterns, and cognition: a sub-study protocol from the brain health and the gut microbiome study in cognitive decline (bMicrobiome study)

Karol Suchowiecki, Patrick G. Corr, Aidan Schurr, Aryan Asemani, Leigh A. Frame

Abstract: Abstract The aim of this study is to describe the development and implementation of a novel Readiness to Change Nutritional Habits (RCNH) survey for use along with dietary assessment and gut microbiome profiling in a proof-of-concept study in individuals with early Alzheimer’s disease dementia (eAD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HC). Overall, this methods paper contributes to emerging research examining how behavioural readiness for change can be integrated with dietary assessment and gut microbiome profiling to better understand the microbiome’s influence on the nervous system. This is a sub-study embedded within a multi-prong proof-of-concept, observational study mapping the gut microbiome in 45 participants (15 HC, 15 MCI, 15 eAD) at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The parent study collects gut microbiome profiles, dietary patterns, and cognitive assessments. The sub-study develops and administers the 32-item RCNH survey to characterize participants’ readiness to adopt nutritional change. This manuscript reports the RCNH survey, its development process, the sub-study protocol including data collection procedures, and planned exploratory analyses. This protocol presents a novel intervention to assess the gut microbiome, individual dietary patterns, and readiness to make lifestyle changes related to diet.


Chapter 11 Maternal Gut Microbiome- Role in Maternal and Fetal Mental Health


Gut Microbiome


Gut microbial strain improvement through genetic and metabolic engineering


Gut Microbiome: An Intersection between Human Genome, Diet, and Epigenetics

Abdullahi Y. Muhammad, Malik Amonov, Atif A. Baig, Farrukh J. Alvi

Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract: The composition and diversity of gut microbiome are in crosstalk with the genetic makeup and diet of an individual. Under normal health conditions, the gut commensals are in homeostasis with the host; while they inhabit the gut for their normal growth, they protect against invading pathogens through anticolonization mechanisms and contribute largely to the metabolism of several macromolecules in the gut. Specific genetic variants in genes that are responsible for maintaining the composition of the gut commensal, such as genes of the immune system, are described to result in gut dysbiosis that can lead to the development of several autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and type-1 diabetes. Similarly, the diet of an individual shapes the gut microbiota by allowing the predominance of microbes that metabolize an abundant macromolecule in the diet. Epigenetically, the microbial metabolites produced by these microbes can be beneficial in the treatment of cancer or deteriorating by serving as carcinogens. Therefore, the complex association of the gut microbiome with the genetic makeup and diet of an individual plays a significant role in the development of several diseases and health conditions. Recently, the association between the human genome and the gut microbiome has been analyzed and considered a multiomic approach, and extensive genome-wide association studies were conducted to further understand the complex relationship.


Role of Gut Microbiome on Human Health


Chapter 14 Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and the Gut Microbiome — Interconnected Systems in Health and Disease


Protocol - Isolation of gut microbiome from fecal sample

Role of Gut Microbiome in Neurodegenerative  Disorders


A Review of Gut Microbiome Profiling From Metagenomic Analysis &amp; Possible Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiome.

Abstract: The gut microbiome is the aggregation of all the microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and fungi, and their collective genetic material present in the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) of human body. Human gut mainly consists of bacteria, both commensal (good) and pathogenic (bad) bacteria in the GIT. It is colonized by 10^14 microbes, which is 10 times more than total human cells. Gut Microbiota has been a topic of research to discover the potential gut microbe-host interactions which includes effects on metabolism, immune system and neuroendocrine responses, etc


Role of the gut microbiome in the development of colorectal cancer

The Gut Microbiome in Precision Medicine


Human-Gut Microbiome


Gut microbiome-derived metabolites in host health and diseases

Oluwatoyin Sangokunle, Prashant Singh, Ravinder Nagpal


Personalized nutrition plans based on gut microbiome analysis


“Gut” to grips with the science of the microbiome – a symposium report

Yvonne E. Finnegan, Holly R. Neill, Emily J. Prpa, Bruno Pot

Abstract: Abstract The latest Yakult Science Study Day was held virtually on 2 November 2023. Aimed at healthcare professionals, researchers, and students, a variety of experts explored the latest gut microbiome research and what it means in practice. The morning sessions discussed the role of the microbiome in health and disease, the rapid advancements in DNA sequencing and implications for personalised nutrition, the current state of evidence on health benefits associated with fermented foods, prebiotics and probiotics and the challenges involved in interpreting research in this area. The afternoon session considered the emerging research on the microbiota–gut–brain axis in mediating effects of food on mood, the bidirectional impact of menopause on the gut microbiota, and the interplay between the gut and skin with implications for the treatment of rare and common skin disorders. The session ended with an update on the use of faecal microbiota transplant in both research and clinical practice. Undoubtedly, the gut microbiome is emerging as a key conductor of human health, both in relation to gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal outcomes. As research continues to elucidate mechanisms of action and confirm their effects in human trials, the gut microbiome should be a key consideration within a holistic approach to health moving forward.


The microbiome in adult acute appendicitis

Mei Sze Lee, Arielle Sulit, Frank Frizelle, Rachel Purcell

Abstract: Abstract Acute appendicitis is a common acute surgical emergency; however, the pathogenesis of adult appendicitis remains poorly understood. The microbiome is increasingly thought to play a key role in inflammatory disease of the bowel and similarly, may play a role in appendicitis. This study aimed to characterise the microbiome of adult acute appendicitis in a prospective cohort. We recruited 60 adults with acute appendicitis and 20 healthy controls. Rectal swabs were taken from each patient. After DNA extraction, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was carried out for analysis of diversity and taxonomic abundance. Phylogenetic sequencing of the samples indicated that there is a difference between the microbial composition of those with acute appendicitis and healthy controls, with a statistically significant decrease in alpha diversity in rectal swabs of appendicitis patients compared to healthy controls. At the genus level, we saw an increased abundance of potential pathogens, for example, Parvimonas and Acinetobacter , and a decrease in commensal taxa such as Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Lachnospiraceae in appendicitis patients compared to healthy controls. There was a reduction in diversity and loss of commensals in the microbiome of those with acute appendicitis, which may play a role in the cascade leading to acute appendicitis or the result of this.


Gut–Brain Axis: Role of the Gut Microbiome on Human Health

Lipi Poojara, Dhaval K. Acharya, Jalpa Patel, Rakesh M. Rawal


List of Reviewers 2023


Gut Microbiome Wellness Index 2 enhances health status prediction from gut microbiome taxonomic profiles

Abstract: Recent advancements in translational gut microbiome research have revealed its crucial role in shaping predictive healthcare applications. Herein, we introduce the Gut Microbiome Wellness Index 2 (GMWI2), an enhanced version of our original GMWI prototype, designed as a standardized disease-agnostic health status indicator based on gut microbiome taxonomic profiles. Our analysis involves pooling existing 8069 stool shotgun metagenomes from 54 published studies across a global demographic landscape (spanning 26 countries and six continents) to identify gut taxonomic signals linked to disease presence or absence. GMWI2 achieves a cross-validation balanced accuracy of 80% in distinguishing healthy (no disease) from non-healthy (diseased) individuals and surpasses 90% accuracy for samples with higher confidence (i.e., outside the “reject option”). This performance exceeds that of the original GMWI model and traditional species-level α-diversity indices, indicating a more robust gut microbiome signature for differentiating between healthy and non-healthy phenotypes across multiple diseases. When assessed through inter-study validation and external validation cohorts, GMWI2 maintains an average accuracy of nearly 75%. Furthermore, by reevaluating previously published datasets, GMWI2 offers new insights into the effects of diet, antibiotic exposure, and fecal microbiota transplantation on gut health. Available as an open-source command-line tool, GMWI2 represents a timely, pivotal resource for evaluating health using an individual’s unique gut microbial composition.


Gut Microbiome as a Source and Propagator of Multidrug‐Resistance: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

Meghana Shashikanth, D. B. M. Virupakshaiah

Abstract: Human gut microbiome has risen as a critical nexus in the global landscape of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), acting both as a reservoir and a driver of multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs). This review explores the mechanistic foundations by which the gut microbiota contributes to resistance development, focusing on the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through horizontal gene transfer, mobile genetic elements, and other ecological imbalances triggered by antibiotic exposure. Strong emphasis is implied on the clinical implications of gut‐mediated resistance in certain high‐exposure settings such as critical care units and immunocompromised patients. We critically evaluate current and emerging therapeutic strategies including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), genetically engineered probiotics, phage therapy, enzybiotics, and photodynamic approaches that focus on restoring microbial balance and reducing ARG burden. A novel, three‐tiered microbiome‐aware antimicrobial stewardship model is proposed to guide integration of these strategies into clinical practice. The review concludes with future perspectives on research priorities, including the need for precision resistome surveillance, ethical regulatory frameworks, and microbiome‐informed antibiotic policies. By reframing the gut microbiome from a passive site of colonization to an actionable therapeutic target, this review underscores its centrality in the ongoing battle against AMR.


Gut Microbiome and Brain Aging

Anjana Suresh, Pravi Prasad, Sreejith Parameswara Panicker


List of Reviewers


Exploring the Link Between the Gut Mycobiome and Neurological Disorders

Abstract: Long‐standing theories link genetics, environmental factors, and microbial dysbiosis as causes of neurological diseases. Even though the role of the human gut mycobiome in these disorders has drawn a lot of attention, recent research has begun to shed light on another microbial component, the gut mycobiome, and its potential involvement in neurological diseases. In an effort to comprehend the connection between the gut mycobiome and neurological illnesses, this exploratory investigation concentrates on the complex interactions between fungal populations and the central nervous system. This study investigates the mechanisms through which fungus species and their metabolites impact brain health and disease progression by evaluating the body of literature and recent discoveries. It also investigates how the gut mycobiome affects the blood–brain barrier’s integrity, the control of neurotransmitters, and immune system modulation. The outcomes provide new information on therapeutic approaches that target the fungal component of the gut microbiota and imply that changes in the composition and function of the gut mycobiome contribute to the onset and progression of neurological diseases. It is necessary to conduct more studies to clarify the precise mechanisms underpinning the gut mycobiome’s impact on neurological illnesses and to investigate the possibility of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on fungus modulation.


Manipulation of Gut Microbiome to Improve Mental Health

Anxiety, Gut Microbiome, and Nutraceuticals


Gut Microbiome and Brown Adipose Tissue


Effect of Lead on Gut Microbiome

Yati Sharma, Vibhav Varshney, Ahsas Goyal, Neetu Agrawal


H2 generated by fermentation in the human gut microbiome influences metabolism and competitive fitness of gut butyrate producers

Austin Campbell, Kristi Gdanetz, Alexander W. Schmidt, Thomas M. Schmidt

Abstract: Abstract Background Hydrogen gas (H2) is a common product of carbohydrate fermentation in the human gut microbiome and its accumulation can modulate fermentation. Concentrations of colonic H2 vary between individuals, raising the possibility that H2 concentration may be an important factor differentiating individual microbiomes and their metabolites. Butyrate-producing bacteria (butyrogens) in the human gut usually produce some combination of butyrate, lactate, formate, acetate, and H2 in branched fermentation pathways to manage reducing power generated during the oxidation of glucose to acetate and carbon dioxide. We predicted that a high concentration of intestinal H2 would favor the production of butyrate, lactate, and formate by the butyrogens at the expense of acetate, H2, and CO2. Regulation of butyrate production in the human gut is of particular interest due to its role as a mediator of colonic health through anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Results For butyrogens that contained a hydrogenase, growth under a high H2 atmosphere or in the presence of the hydrogenase inhibitor CO stimulated production of organic fermentation products that accommodate reducing power generated during glycolysis, specifically butyrate, lactate, and formate. Also as expected, production of fermentation products in cultures of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain A2-165, which does not contain a hydrogenase, was unaffected by H2 or CO. In a synthetic gut microbial community, addition of the H2-consuming human gut methanogen Methanobrevibacter smithii decreased butyrate production alongside H2 concentration. Consistent with this observation, M. smithii metabolic activity in a large human cohort was associated with decreased fecal butyrate, but only during consumption of a resistant starch dietary supplement, suggesting the effect may be most prominent when H2 production in the gut is especially high. Addition of M. smithii to the synthetic communities also facilitated the growth of E. rectale, resulting in decreased relative competitive fitness of F. prausnitzii. Conclusions H2 is a regulator of fermentation in the human gut microbiome. In particular, high H2 concentration stimulates production of the anti-inflammatory metabolite butyrate. By consuming H2, gut methanogenesis can decrease butyrate production. These shifts in butyrate production may also impact the competitive fitness of butyrate producers in the gut microbiome.


Foundations of the gut microbiome: understanding microbial ecology

Priyanshu Kalia, Michael Angelis, Anupama Rani, Danish Qavi


Studying the Link between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gut Dysbiosis: A Mini Review

College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints and may lead to disability. Recent advances have allowed us to study the human gut microbiota in great details. Numerous studies have shown that changes in gut microbiota may be playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of RA. In this review we summarize human and animal studies which show evidence that gut microbiota is directly affecting not only the development of RA but also its progression. In this review we also show evidence on how altering gut microbiota could be used as a treatment for RA.


Chapter 15 Microbiome and Gender Differences


Techniques and challenges in studies related with human gut microbiome

Anamika Verma, Ayushi Sharma, Manoj Kumar, Saurabh Bansal, Rahul Shrivastava


Role of diet in shaping the gut microbiome

Bilal Siddiqui, Sakshi Tiwari, Saman Fatima, Malik Zainul Abdin


Preface


The Importance of the Microbiome in the Gut

Clinical Understanding of the Human Gut Microbiome

Mark Morrison, Nida Murtaza, Nicholas J. Talley


Thermal Simulation Analysis of a Lithium-Ion Battery

Advances in Theoretical & Computational Physics


Sn/C COMPOSITES AS ANODE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERY


Evaluating the potential of the lithium-carbon dioxide battery to replace the lithium-ion battery

Saratoga High School, 20300 Herriman Ave, Saratoga, CA 95070, USA

Abstract: A recent advance in battery research has yielded the discovery of a lithium carbon-dioxide battery (Li-CO2). These batteries capture CO2 from the atmosphere to store and discharge energy. Li-CO2 batteries are an attempt at providing a large-scale battery solution for energy storage. They have a greater energy density (7x that of existing lithium-ion battery (LIB), are safe (fewer short circuit problems) and environmentally friendly (reduced harmful greenhouse gas). However, to date, Li-CO2 batteries have not yet been actively pursued due to a variety of technical challenges in their implementation: an excess buildup of carbon that ruins the battery after a few cycles of charge and discharge, net energy capacity loss with discharge cycles, no definite catalyst to speed up the reaction and research being performed under 100% CO2 partial pressure. By reviewing the current state of Li-CO2 battery, we compare its performance with LIB, and analyze possible advancements in the technology needed before it can become widely available. The goal of this review is to analyze the advantages and drawbacks of the current technological state of Li-CO2 batteries in comparison with the leading technology of LIB, by a techno-economic comparison. Our key findings are that LIBs are currently safer, last longer, discharge more, and are also more economically favorable than Li-CO2 in terms of durability, and cost. However, Li-CO2 batteries are more environmentally friendly, have a greater energy density, making them useful in energy grid balancing, mitigating large voltage fluctuations and in high volume transportation. There are potential applications for both batteries, and we propose steps that the field could take in order to address the challenges we have identified, that stop Li-CO2 batteries from being widely adopted.


Lithium‐Ion Batteries: New Insights into the Application of Lithium‐Ion Battery Materials: Selective Extraction of Lithium from Brines via a Rocking‐Chair Lithium‐Ion Battery System (Global Challenges 2/2018)

Lihua He, Wenhua Xu, Yunfeng Song, Yunze Luo, Xuheng Liu, Zhongwei Zhao

School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan 410083 P. R. China


Feasibility analysis of replacing lithium-ion battery with aqueous zinc-ion battery

Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology

Abstract: lithium-ion battery is a battery with intercalated lithium compound as negative electrode material and non-aqueous solution as electrolyte. It is often used as energy supply system for mobile phones, electric vehicles and other equipment. However, due to the instability of lithium and the flammable organic electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries are prone to fire in high temperature or after damage. The paper introduced the technology of aqueous zinc-ion battery and analyzes the merits and drawbacks of it. Aqueous zinc-ion battery is a battery with metallic zinc as negative electrode material. The ingredient of electrolyte is a solution with water as the main component. Compared with lithium-ion battery, it has many excellent characteristics, such as non-toxic, non-flammable, etc. When electronic devices such as smart wearable devices are in close contact with human skin, aqueous zinc-ion batteries can prevent the risk of human skin being burned when the battery damaged or toxic substances penetrating when the battery accidentally leaks. In addition, the high density, high specific energy, much fewer expend and other characteristics of aqueous zinc-ion batteries also increase the possibility that they will replace lithium-ion batteries as energy supply systems for electronic equipment in the future. This paper cites examples to show that the aqueous zinc-ion battery has a good prospect in the field of intelligent wearable devices and has a certain guiding significance for the choice of the energy supply system of intelligent wearable devices in the future.


EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON LITHIUM-ION BATTERY AGING UNDER UZBEKISTAN’S CLIMATE

Techscience uz - Topical Issues of Technical Sciences

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries constitute the primary energy source in modern electric vehicles however their long-term degradation represents a fundamental challenge in electrochemical energy-storage research. Temperature extremes such as intense summer heat or severe winter cold can intensify electrochemical degradation, hasten performance decline, and shorten battery life. Recognizing that Uzbekistan exhibits a wide temperature range throughout the year, this study concentrates on the specific impacts of the country’s climatic conditions on battery aging, vehicle reliability, and long-term operational costs. First, the internal aging mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries are reviewed with respect to various anode and cathode chemistries to provide a clearer understanding of capacity fade and performance deterioration. Subsequently, key influencing factors particularly temperature-driven effects on battery life are examined in detail to identify pathways for improving long-term performance. Finally, acknowledging the distinctions between cell-level and system-level behavior, the degradation mechanisms of complete battery systems are analyzed.


From Lithium to Lithium Ion, a 40 Year Battery Generation (Battery Technology Award Address)

Abstract: Abstract not Available.


Aqueous Sodium-Ion Battery As Post Lithium-Ion Battery

Shigeto Okada, Yusuke Kano, Kosuke Nakamoto

Abstract: Three kinds of secondary batteries, nickel metal hydride, Li-ion and Na/S battery were commercialized in Japan for the first time. Among them, Li-ion battery became the most popular power sources for PDA, because of the highest energy density. However, Li-ion battery is difficult to use for large-scale batteries, because its organic electrolytes are flammable, expensive and less conductive. Recently, aqueous electrolyte has been recognized as an attractive alternative and much attention has been paid to its development, because it has 3 big advantages about the conductivity, nonflammability and cost. In addition, water is an ideal solvent that dissolves a lot of various salts. Here, the most important thing is the selection of electrode active materials to avoid decomposition of the aqueous electrolyte. An aqueous Li-ion battery with LiMn2O4 cathode and VO2 anode was first reported by J. R. Dahn's group [1]. Since them, several combinations of cathodes and anodes have been reported as aqueous Li-ion battery. Theoretically, higher cell voltage more than 1.2 V cannot be obtained in the aqueous battery. So, it is unnecessary to dare to use Li in the aqueous batteries. Nevertheless, there is few report about aqueous Na-ion battery, in comparison with aqueous Li-ion battery. As one of the few exceptions, aqueous sodium-ion hybrid device with Na0.44MnO2cathode and active carbon anode was first proposed by Carnegie Mellon University, 4 years ago [2]. In this presentation, we introduce the aqueous Na-ion battery with pyrophosphate Na2FeP2O7 cathode and NASICON-type NaTi2(PO4)3 anodes. Because these polyanionic electrodes have flat voltage plateaus at 3.0 V and 2.1 V vs. Na/Na+, respectively. These redox voltages are almost located within the potential window of the aqueous electrolyte. In addition, Fe and Ti are the first and the second cheapest redox couple in transition metals, respectively. References [1] W. Li, J. R. Dahn and D. S. Wainwright, Science, 264 (1994) 1115. [2] A. D. Tevar and J. F. Whitacre, J. Electrochem. Soc., 157 (2010) A870.


Lithium-ion battery anode including preloaded lithium


Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles using Lithium-Ion Batteries

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

Samudrala Hitesh Chandra, Jn Chandra Sekhar


Quantum battery VS Lithium-ion battery

Dulwich International High School Suzhou

Abstract: This dissertation aims to research how quantum battery work and the comparisons between quantum battery and lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable energy storage devices that have become widely used in various applications, ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles. They are known for their high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low self-discharge rate. Quantum batteries are a relatively new and emerging concept in the field of energy storage. Unlike traditional batteries, which rely on chemical reactions for energy storage, quantum batteries utilize principles from quantum physics to store and release energy. The dissertation uses the available literature review to illustrate the difference between quantum batteries and lithium-ion batteries for storing energy, and which one is better. In terms of current technology, lithium-ion batteries are the best choice for portable charging devices. But in the future, quantum batteries made with advanced technology may replace lithium-ion batteries.


Secondary Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes: From First Commercial Batteries to Recent Research Activities

By Nicholas Loeffler, Dominic Bresser, Stefano Passerini, Mark Copley

Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU)Electrochemistry 1, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 UlmGermany


Beneficial Effects of Active Charge Balancing in Lithium-Ion Battery Systems


Philips Lithium Ion Battery


Feasibility analysis of replacing lithium-ion battery with sodium ion battery

Abstract: Since the beginning of the 21st century, the global energy crisis has become a pressing issue, prompting researchers to explore more efficient ways of utilizing energy production and storage technologies in our daily lives. In recent years, there have been major improvements in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) technology, considerably improving living conditions globally. LIBs are currently commonly employed in electric cars. However, the efficient distribution of renewable energy and smart grids raises concerns, along with the long-term availability of lithium resources. The scarcity and rising costs of lithium metal in recent years have been attributed to substantial price fluctuations. Thus, LIBs have made it difficult to meet the increasing demands of both small and medium to large energy storage applications. Due to the readily available properties of sodium metal, it has similar chemical properties to LIBs. To alleviate these challenges, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) can be used as the finest candidates for power supply. In recent years, different materials such as metal oxides and phosphates have been introduced as positive electrode materials for SIBs. The use of selected carbonaceous materials, transition metal oxides, intermetallic compounds, and organic compounds as negative electrode materials for SIBs has also contributed to recent developments. SIB is a promising next-generation replacement, but there are still some challenges in the market acceptance of SIBs. In this research, we summarize and compare the market application status of SIB and lithium iron phosphate (LFP), and propose the future development trajectory of SIB and LFP according to their respective characteristics. This will provide a unique insight into practical application problems and market realities.


LITHIUM RECOVERY OF SPENT LITHIUM-ION BATTERY USING BIOLEACHING FROM LOCAL SOURCES MICROORGANISM


Applications of Rechargeable Lithium - Ion Battery in Electric Vehicles: A Review

Zachary Bosire Omariba, Stephen Mageto Gichana


A criterion combined of bulk and surface lithium storage to predict the capacity of porous carbon lithium-ion battery anodes: lithium-ion battery anode capacity prediction

Majid Shaker, Ali Asghar Sadeghi Ghazvini, Faisal Raza Qureshi, Reza Riahifar


Lithium Ion Battery, Charger


Lithium-Ion “Traffic Jam” Behind Reduced Battery Performance


Sulphur Lithium-Ion Power: A Novel, High Performance Polymer Tin/Sulphur Lithium-Ion Battery

Abstract: Abstract not Available.


New Rechargeable Lithium-ion AA Battery: More Economic and Eco-friendlier for Home Sleep Apnea Test

Advances in Bioengineering and Biomedical Science Research

Abstract: Background: Sleep Apnea is a common sleep disorder and Home Sleep Apnea Test (HSAT) is one of the relatively safe and convenient diagnostic screening tools of Sleep Apnea. Nowadays popular devices for HSAT suggesting to use AA batteries for power supply and disposable alkaline battery is recommended in the guideline of most devices. In 2019, a new type of rechargeable AA battery based on lithium-ion was successfully developed and put into the market. Here is the report of 2 years running, observing the performance of the new rechargeable lithium-ion AA battery, in order to proof the possibility and the advantage of the new lithium-ion battery replacing the existing battery. Method: Used Embla MPR PG with ST module to emulate an HSAT for 10 times and log the longest recording time of different battery. And analyze the voltage log of HSAT by Embla X100 in the past 3 years. Evaluate whether the new Rechargeable Lithium-ion battery is competent for HSAT by the longest recording time and the battery status during HSAT. Result: After 2 years of continuous use, the performance of Rechargeable lithium-ion battery was similar to that of Disposable alkaline battery. And Rechargeable lithium-ion battery had a constant voltage throughout the whole recording phase. Conclusion: The new rechargeable lithium-ion AA battery can perfectly replace the traditional disposable alkaline battery in the application of HSAT due to the un-obvious attenuation in 2 years. It also has great advantages in environmental protection and cost saving.


Sulphur Lithium Ion Power: A Novel, High Performance Polymer Tin/Sulphur Lithium-Ion Battery

Abstract: Abstract not Available.


An Investigation into Sodium-Metal Battery as an Alternative to Lithium-Ion Batteries


HeartStart MRx Lithium Ion Battery


Surface-modified silicon improves lithium-ion battery performance

Abstract: Investigators show that performance problems with silicon powders in lithium-ion batteries can be partially mitigated using surface modification techniques.


A path to better lithium-ion battery performance


Applying Machine Learning to the Smart Welding of Cylindrical Lithium-ion Battery Cells within Battery Modules

IMAPS - International Microelectronics Assembly and Packaging Society

Abstract: Battery packs are used in transportation and energy storage applications to provide sufficient power for machine operation. There are various types of battery cell structures as well as numerous methods of interconnecting the battery cells. This paper will focus on cylindrical battery cells, the 21700 type, and Smart Welding as the interconnect technology. Smart Welding is a hybrid version of an ultrasonic welder and an ultrasonic heavy wire bonder that was developed by Hesse GmbH. The problem addressed in this study was that previous research pointed to a need for improvement in determining the optimally smart welding parameters for cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells within a module. By using Taguchi techniques and a Naïve Bayes Classifier, a machine learning algorithm was developed to help determine optimum Smart Weld parameters that produced acceptable weld shear values and nuggets.


Building a better lithium-ion battery management system

Abstract: Combining machine learning with traditional method enhances predictive accuracy


Longer-lasting lithium-ion battery for cell phones


All‐in‐All: Dead Lithium‐Ion Battery to Active Lithium‐Ion Capacitor

Akshay Manohar, Aranganathan Viswanathan, Yun‐Sung Lee, Vanchiappan Aravindan

Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)  Tirupati 517619 India

Abstract: AbstractHere, we have developed lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) with all the components, except the electrolyte solution, effectively recycled from the spent Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Hybrid capacitors, such as LICs, are potential breakthroughs in electrochemical energy storage devices, where most research is focused. These devices can simultaneously guarantee high energy and power by hybridizing battery‐type and capacitive‐type electrodes with two different reaction mechanisms. We have successfully upcycled the graphite, current collector, separator, etc., from the spent LIBs to fabricate a high‐performance LIC. Our LIC consists of recovered graphite (RG) coated over recovered copper foil as an anode, recycled polypropylene as the separator, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthesized from RG as the cathode. The RG half‐cell exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 302 mAh g−1 even after 75 charge‐discharge cycles with a coulombic efficiency of >99 %. The Li/rGO displayed remarkable cycling performance for over 1000 cycles with high stability and reversibility. Subsequently, the pre‐lithiated RG (p‐RG) electrode is paired with the rGO electrode under the balanced loading conditions to construct LIC, rGO/p‐RG, delivering a maximum energy density of 185 Wh kg−1 with ultra‐long durability of more than 10,000 cycles. The possibility of LIC under different climatic conditions is also explored, and its remarkable performance under various temperature conditions is worth mentioning.


Lithium-Ion Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles

International Journal of Performability Engineering


Stress Distribution Inside a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell during Fast Charging and Its Effect on Degradation of Separator

Mustapha Makki, Cheol W. Lee, Georges Ayoub

Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA

Ford Motor Company (Ford-UM Alliance: Development of a Lithium Ion Battery Separator Aging Model)

Abstract: The automotive industry is rapidly transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) in response to the global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has emerged as the main tool for energy storage in electric vehicles. A widespread adoption of EVs, however, requires a fast-charging technology that can significantly reduce charging time while avoiding any unsafe conditions including short circuits due to failure of the separator in an LIB cell. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanical stresses during fast charging and their long-term effect on the integrity of the separator. This paper presents a novel hybrid model for the prediction of the stress distribution in the separator of a pouch cell under various charging speeds, ambient temperatures, and pack assembly conditions, such as compressive pressures. The proposed hybrid model consists of three sub-models, namely, an electrochemical cell model, a lumped-parameter model, and a solid mechanics model. A robust parameter identification scheme is implemented to determine the model parameters using the experimental data. The separator within the test setup will experience maximum von Mises stress of 74 MPa during 4C charging, i.e., when the charge current in A is four times as high as the capacity of the battery cell in Ah. To assess the evolution of the damage in the separator under the estimated stress during fast charging, creep and fatigue tests are conducted on the separator. Their results indicate a progressive accumulation of damage in the separator, further emphasizing the importance of understanding and mitigating mechanical degradation in separator materials.


Electrochemical Behaviors of All-Phosphate Lithium-Ion Battery and All-Phosphate Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery

Shicheng Yu, Hermann Tempel, Roland Schierholz, Özgür Aslanbas, Josef Mertens, L.G.J. de Haart, Hans Kungl, Rüdiger-Albrecht Eichel

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are in focus of research around the world, due to their high volumetric and gravimetric energy density. For inorganic all-solid-state batteries since many years considerable effort has been devoted to the development of thin film batteries for their application in microelectronics [1, 2]. Recent research activities are directed to develop high capacity all solid state batteries for automobile applications (Toyota) [3, 4]. These kinds of applications of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries require high cycling performance, high thermal stability, high capacity and high rate capacity. The main objective of the current work is to build up an all-solid-state battery system which meets the previously listed. Electroactive phosphate materials with different microstructures were synthesized. Based on several combinations of materials, three phosphate compounds were synthesized and used as electrolyte and electrode materials, respectively. The carbon coated cathode (Li3V2(PO4)3/C) and anode (LiTi2(PO4)3/C) materials were first investigated in half-cells that use metallic lithium foil as counter electrode and reference electrode, 1 M LiPF6 in a 1:1 solvent mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (LP30) was used as electrolyte. Afterwards, the selected electrode materials were used to make full cells by using LP30 liquid electrolyte. The working voltage, capacity as well as high-rate performance of the full cells were characterized. The optimum ratio of Li3V2(PO4)3/C and LiTi2(PO4)3/C in the full cell was investigated based on the electrochemical performances. Finally, an all-phosphate solid-state lithium-ion battery was made by using the electrode materials and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 solid state electrolyte. The electrochemical behavior of the all-phosphate solid-state lithium-ion battery was investigated and compared with a full cell using liquid LP30 electrolyte. The working voltage of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C-LiTi2(PO4)3/C battery is in the range of 0.2-2.2V, which well matched with the electrochemical window of the solid electrolyte Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3. Applying materials with high Li-ion conductivities such as Li3V2(PO4)3 and LiTi2(PO4)3provides the advantage of high rate capability for all solid state batteries. Reference [1] M. Koo, K. Park, S. H. Lee, M. S. Duh, D. Y. Jeon, J. W. Choi, K. Kang and K. J. Lee, Nano Lett., 2012, 12, 4810–4816. [2] Y. J. Nam, S. J. Cho, D. Y. Oh, J. M. Lim, S. Y. Kim, J. H. Song, Y. G. Lee, S. Y. Lee and Y. S. Jung, Nano Lett., 2015, 15, 3317–3323. [3] M. S. Beal, B. E. Hayden, T. L. Gall, C. E. Lee, X. Lu, M. Mirsaneh, C. Mormiche, D. Pasero, D. C. A. Smith, A. Weld, C. Yada and S. Yokoishi, ACS Comb. Sci., 2011, 13, 375–381. [4] C. Yada, C. E. Lee, D. Laughman, L. Hannah, H. Iba and B. E. Hayden, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2015, 162, A722–A726.


Is it worthwhile to recover lithium-ion battery electrolyte during lithium-ion battery recycling?

Stephen Vanderburgt, Rafael M. Santos, Yi Wai Chiang

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada


Strategies of binder design for lithium-ion battery cathodes

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial for advancing green energy transformation and boosting industrial competitiveness, due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness. Among the key components of LIBs, cathode materials play a pivotal role in determining overall battery performance. However, these materials face several challenges, including phase transitions, electrolyte corrosion, and low conductivity, which hinder the development of high-energy LIBs. In addition to traditional modification strategies such as doping and micro-structural design, functional binders have emerged as a promising avenue to enhance the electrochemical performance of cathodes. Despite their potential, there is a lack of comprehensive guidance on designing functional binders for high-voltage or high-capacity cathodes, and the relationship between binder design strategies and cathode failure mechanisms is not yet well understood. This review addresses these gaps by summarizing the failure mechanisms of widely used cathodes (e.g., LiCoO2, LiNixCoyMnzO2, xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiTMO2, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, and LiFePO4) in LIBs. We discuss the roles of functional binders in mitigating these failures and examine the associated failure mechanisms. Finally, we highlight design strategies for advanced functional binders and explore their potential to enable next-generation high-energy LIBs.


Synchronized Lithium and Lithium-Ion Battery Enabled to in-Situ Replenishment for Enhancing Battery Life

Manikandan Palanisamy, Mihit H. Parekh, Vilas G. Pol

Abstract: In-situ replenishment of formation cycle lithium-ion loss is considered for the development of longer-lasting rechargeable batteries that uses lithium-electrode, which acts as a reservoir and booster-electrode to mitigate the formation cycle capacity loss in mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) anode vs LiFePO4 cathode and C-Si anode vs LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode in standard electrolyte. For the synchronized lithium and lithium-ion battery (SLLIB) – full-cell specific charge- discharge capacities were 146/ 144 mAh g–1 for MCMB vs LiFePO4 and 187/ 171 mAh g–1 for C-Si vs LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 configurations at 0.2 C rate. The irreversible capacity loss compensation from the reservoir-electrode, offered to a renewed voltage profiles and recovered electrodes specific capacities by reservoir replenishment and replenished cycling. The energy reduced cell due to SEI formation of MCMB and C-Si anodes was replenished and achieved increased energy density of 455 Wh kg–1 with retained flat-voltage profile for SLLIB – MCMB vs LiFePO4 and 576 Wh kg–1 for SLLIB – C-Si vs LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 through Li+ ion in-situ reservoir replenishment from the reservoir-electrode to MCMB/ C-Si anode. Furthermore, reservoir reserve mode cycling of SLLIB configurations were delivered the charge-discharge capacities of 126/ 124 mAh g–1 for SLLIB – Li vs LiFePO4 and 137/ 136 mAh g–1 for SLLIB – Li vs LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 at 0.2 C, associated with the Li+ ion transportation between reservoir-electrode and LiFePO4/ LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode, confirmed by Li+ ion diffusion path through MCMB and C-Si electrodes, using EIS analysis. Ultimately, the in-situ reservoir replenishment, replenished cycling and reserve mode cycling processes of synchronized lithium and lithium-ion battery leads to enhanced battery life. Figure 1


Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries

Johnson Matthey Battery SystemsOrchard Road, Royston, Hertfordshire, SG8 5HEUK


Lithium-ion battery equalization control strategy for photovoltaic-battery energy storage systems

International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies

College of intelligent manufacturing, ZhengZhou Technical College , No. 081, Zhengshang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450121 ,

Abstract: Abstract In this paper, the battery equalization technology of LiFePO4 battery energy storage system applied in photovoltaic is studied, using passive equalization circuit instead of active equalization circuit because passive equalization circuit is more suitable, and the shortcomings of the standard equalization control strategy applied to LiFePO4 battery are analyzed in detail, which is mainly caused by the characteristics of LiFePO4 battery, and this paper also proposes optimization scheme to improve the performance. An experimental platform is built for testing to prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy.


Hybrid Quantum-Classical Optimization for Lithium-Ion Battery Systems and Resilient Supply Chains under Disruption

International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews

Abstract: The Laplace–Weierstrass (LW) transform combines the Laplace transform with Weierstrass Gaussian smoothing to deliver built-in regularization for dynamic systems characterized by noise and incomplete observations. This paper presents significant extensions including a rigorously justified existence theorem, explicit inversion with regularization, convolution and fractional-order theorems, and stable numerical discretization. These advances enable efficient analytical and numerical treatment of linear and integro-differential equations with noisy data. The framework is applied to electric vehicle battery systems for lithium-ion modeling, parameter estimation, SoC/SoH analysis, and hybrid power-flow optimization under thermal constraints, as well as to resilient supply chains for inventory dynamics with lead-time delays, disruption recovery trajectories, and bullwhip effect mitigation. It further supports a hybrid quantum classical approach that pairs LW-based dimensionality reduction with quantum annealing for large scale logistics optimization under disruption. Numerical benchmarks confirm substantially improved parameter recovery accuracy and orders-of-magnitude faster computation compared with classical methods. The resulting tools are well-suited for real-time estimation, digital-twin development, and decision support in sustainable mobility and robust logistics


Correlating uncertainties of a lithium-ion battery - A Monte Carlo simulation

International Journal of Energy Research

Wei Tong, Wei Qiang Koh, Erik Birgersson, Arun S. Mujumdar, Christopher Yap

Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576


Fast Lithium Ion Conducting Ceramics for All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery

Koichi Hamamoto, Toshiaki Yamaguchi, Hirofumi Sumi, Toshio Suzuki, Yoshinobu Fujishiro

Abstract: Abstract not Available.


Temperature Prediction of Lithium-ion Battery by CPSO-UKF

Dicle Universitesi Muhendislik Fakultesi Muhendislik Dergisi

Abstract: In this study, the temperature estimation of lithium-ion batteries is proposed by Chaos Particle Swarm Algorithm-Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). 18650-type lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles due to their compact design and long life. The accurate estimation of the temperature parameter of these batteries is critical for reasons such as balancing the performance and predicting chemical degradation. Therefore, in this study, the temperature parameter estimation of an 18650-type lithium-ion battery is made by UKF-based methods. Due to the intensive and mathematical processing load of the UKF method, the parameter values are determined by Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods, and their estimation performances are compared. The parameter values such as alpha, kappa, and R matrix of the UKF method are determined by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO), Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (CLPSO), and hyperparameter values determined by trial and error. The hyperparameter values obtained from these four different methods were applied to the UKF method separately and their estimation performances were compared. The CPSO-UKF method became the most successful method by reaching an accuracy of 99.99228% in estimation according to the R2 metric. The success of the proposed method is also given with other regression metrics.


Secondary seal for lithium-ion battery cell

Auricle Global Society of Education and Research


Improved seal for bipolar lithium-ion battery


Nonstoichiometric Lithium Iron Phosphate for Lithium-Ion Battery Prepared by Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis